Erythroparvovirus Extension Data - giffordlabcvr/Parvovirus-GLUE GitHub Wiki
Background
The genus Erythroparvovirus includes a wide range of viruses found in various species such as primates, seals, cattle, and rodents. One of the most well-known members of this genus is human parvovirus B19 (B19V), which is common in humans and can cause a variety of clinical conditions, ranging from mild erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) in children to more severe conditions like chronic arthropathy in adults, hydrops fetalis, and transient aplastic crisis. B19V-related viruses have also been detected in non-human primates in Central America, indicating a broader host range for these viruses. Simian parvovirus (SPV), a primate erythroparvovirus, shares structural similarities with B19V and exhibits a preference for infecting bone marrow, though most infections are non-pathogenic except in immunosuppressed or anemic monkeys.
In non-primate hosts, several erythroparvoviruses have been identified, though their clinical significance remains largely unclear. Bovine parvovirus 3 (BPV3) has been detected in cattle, but no associated disease has been reported. Similarly, Chipmunk parvovirus (ChpPV) was found in chipmunks in Korea, where its NS1 protein was shown to induce apoptosis in cultured cells, although no disease has been linked to the virus in natural infections. These findings suggest that, while erythroparvoviruses can be present in a variety of mammalian hosts, their pathogenicity may depend on specific conditions, such as immunosuppression or co-infections, which allow the virus to exert harmful effects.
In marine mammals, Seal parvovirus (SePV) has been identified in brain tissue of a harbor seal with non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in the Netherlands. The presence of viral DNA in the brain tissue adjacent to the meninges hints at a possible association between SePV infection and neurological lesions. However, the pathogenic potential of SePV remains speculative, as experimental infections in marine mammals are not feasible, limiting the ability to establish a clear causal relationship. Analysis of archived tissues from harbor and grey seals suggests that SePV has been circulating in seal populations for decades, but further research is needed to confirm its role in disease.
Reference Sequences
Tabular data summarising erythroparvovirus species reference sequences can be found here.
Note: Included in this set is an incomplete erythroparvovirus genome sequence identified in WGS data of an ungulate - the Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchii).
Multiple Sequence Alignments
Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) spanning complete erythroparvovirus genomes can be found here.