OpenCV 窓関数 - eiichiromomma/CVMLAB GitHub Wiki
(OpenCV) 窓関数
DFTの前に窓関数を適用してみる
DFTは原理的に対象とする画像が、上下左右に無限に連結していると考えて計算している。そのため、画像の端と端を連結させた時に極端な変化(例えば上端が255で下端が0)がある場合、存在しない高周波成分が結果に含まれる。 従って端が0へ緩やかに変化する窓関数を適用することで正しい周波数解析が可能となる。
サンプル画像
縦方向、横方向に中心を原点、両端を(-π/2, π/2)としたcosを掛ける。要するにcos二乗窓。
こんな感じになる。
OpenCV2.0のsample/c/dft.cが元ネタ。cvShiftDFTが便利。
#define CV_NO_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
#include <cxcore.h>
#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <math.h>
// Rearrange the quadrants of Fourier image so that the origin is at
// the image center
// src & dst arrays of equal size & type
void cvShiftDFT(CvArr * src_arr, CvArr * dst_arr )
{
CvMat * tmp=0;
CvMat q1stub, q2stub;
CvMat q3stub, q4stub;
CvMat d1stub, d2stub;
CvMat d3stub, d4stub;
CvMat * q1, * q2, * q3, * q4;
CvMat * d1, * d2, * d3, * d4;
CvSize size = cvGetSize(src_arr);
CvSize dst_size = cvGetSize(dst_arr);
int cx, cy;
if(dst_size.width != size.width ||
dst_size.height != size.height){
cvError( CV_StsUnmatchedSizes, "cvShiftDFT", "Source and Destination arrays must have equal sizes", __FILE__, __LINE__ );
}
if(src_arr==dst_arr){
tmp = cvCreateMat(size.height/2, size.width/2, cvGetElemType(src_arr));
}
cx = size.width/2;
cy = size.height/2; // image center
q1 = cvGetSubRect( src_arr, &q1stub, cvRect(0,0,cx, cy) );
q2 = cvGetSubRect( src_arr, &q2stub, cvRect(cx,0,cx,cy) );
q3 = cvGetSubRect( src_arr, &q3stub, cvRect(cx,cy,cx,cy) );
q4 = cvGetSubRect( src_arr, &q4stub, cvRect(0,cy,cx,cy) );
d1 = cvGetSubRect( src_arr, &d1stub, cvRect(0,0,cx,cy) );
d2 = cvGetSubRect( src_arr, &d2stub, cvRect(cx,0,cx,cy) );
d3 = cvGetSubRect( src_arr, &d3stub, cvRect(cx,cy,cx,cy) );
d4 = cvGetSubRect( src_arr, &d4stub, cvRect(0,cy,cx,cy) );
if(src_arr!=dst_arr){
if( !CV_ARE_TYPES_EQ( q1, d1 )){
cvError( CV_StsUnmatchedFormats, "cvShiftDFT", "Source and Destination arrays must have the same format", __FILE__, __LINE__ );
}
cvCopy(q3, d1, 0);
cvCopy(q4, d2, 0);
cvCopy(q1, d3, 0);
cvCopy(q2, d4, 0);
}
else{
cvCopy(q3, tmp, 0);
cvCopy(q1, q3, 0);
cvCopy(tmp, q1, 0);
cvCopy(q4, tmp, 0);
cvCopy(q2, q4, 0);
cvCopy(tmp, q2, 0);
}
}
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
const char* filename = argc >=2 ? argv[1] : "lines.png)";
IplImage * im;
IplImage * realInput;
IplImage * imaginaryInput;
IplImage * complexInput;
int dft_M, dft_N;
CvMat* dft_A, tmp;
IplImage * image_Re;
IplImage * image_Im;
double m, M;
im = cvLoadImage( filename, CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE );
if( !im )
return -1;
realInput = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(im), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 1);
imaginaryInput = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(im), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 1);
complexInput = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(im), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 2);
cvScale(im, realInput, 1.0, 0.0);
cvZero(imaginaryInput);
#if 1
//windowing by Momma
CvMat* cos2win = cvCreateMat(realInput->height,realInput->width,CV_64FC1);
double cdpi = M_PI/(cos2win->cols - 1);
double rdpi = M_PI/(cos2win->rows - 1);
for (int r = 0; r < cos2win->rows; r++){
for (int c = 0; c < cos2win->cols; c++){
cvSetReal2D(cos2win,r,c,cos(rdpi*r-M_PI/2) * cos(cdpi*c-M_PI/2));
}
}
cvMul(realInput, cos2win, realInput);
cvMinMaxLoc(realInput, &m, &M, NULL, NULL, NULL);
IplImage* tmpim = cvCloneImage(realInput);
cvScale(realInput, tmpim, 1.0/(M-m), 1.0*(-m)/(M-m));
cvNamedWindow("Cos2Win",1);
cvShowImage("Cos2Win",tmpim);
cvWaitKey(0);
cvReleaseMat(&cos2win);
cvReleaseImage(&tmpim);
#endif
cvMerge(realInput, imaginaryInput, NULL, NULL, complexInput);
dft_M = cvGetOptimalDFTSize( im->height - 1 );
dft_N = cvGetOptimalDFTSize( im->width - 1 );
dft_A = cvCreateMat( dft_M, dft_N, CV_64FC2 );
image_Re = cvCreateImage( cvSize(dft_N, dft_M), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 1);
image_Im = cvCreateImage( cvSize(dft_N, dft_M), IPL_DEPTH_64F, 1);
// copy A to dft_A and pad dft_A with zeros
cvGetSubRect( dft_A, &tmp, cvRect(0,0, im->width, im->height));
cvCopy( complexInput, &tmp, NULL );
if( dft_A->cols > im->width )
{
cvGetSubRect( dft_A, &tmp, cvRect(im->width,0, dft_A->cols - im->width, im->height));
cvZero( &tmp );
}
// no need to pad bottom part of dft_A with zeros because of
// use nonzero_rows parameter in cvDFT() call below
cvDFT( dft_A, dft_A, CV_DXT_FORWARD, complexInput->height );
cvNamedWindow("win", 1);
cvNamedWindow("magnitude", 1);
cvShowImage("win", im);
// Split Fourier in real and imaginary parts
cvSplit( dft_A, image_Re, image_Im, 0, 0 );
// Compute the magnitude of the spectrum Mag = sqrt(Re^2 + Im^2)
cvPow( image_Re, image_Re, 2.0);
cvPow( image_Im, image_Im, 2.0);
cvAdd( image_Re, image_Im, image_Re, NULL);
cvPow( image_Re, image_Re, 0.5 );
// Compute log(1 + Mag)
cvAddS( image_Re, cvScalarAll(1.0), image_Re, NULL ); // 1 + Mag
cvLog( image_Re, image_Re ); // log(1 + Mag)
// Rearrange the quadrants of Fourier image so that the origin is at
// the image center
cvShiftDFT( image_Re, image_Re );
cvMinMaxLoc(image_Re, &m, &M, NULL, NULL, NULL);
cvScale(image_Re, image_Re, 1.0/(M-m), 1.0*(-m)/(M-m));
cvShowImage("magnitude", image_Re);
cvWaitKey(-1);
return 0;
}
余計な成分がてんこ盛り。
それらしい結果に。