setting_network_proxy - dwilson2547/wiki_demo GitHub Wiki

Setting a System Proxy in .bashrc

To configure a system-wide proxy for command-line tools (e.g., curl, wget, apt, git), you can add proxy settings to your .bashrc file. This ensures that all terminal sessions inherit the proxy configuration.

1. Open .bashrc

Edit your .bashrc file in your home directory:

nano ~/.bashrc

2. Add Proxy Settings

Add the following lines to the end of the file, replacing proxy-server-ip and port with your proxy server’s address and port (e.g., 192.168.1.100:8080):

HTTP Proxy

export http_proxy="http://proxy-server-ip:port"
export HTTP_PROXY="$http_proxy"

HTTPS Proxy

export https_proxy="http://proxy-server-ip:port"
export HTTPS_PROXY="$https_proxy"

FTP Proxy

export ftp_proxy="http://proxy-server-ip:port"
export FTP_PROXY="$ftp_proxy"

No Proxy for Local Addresses

export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8"
export NO_PROXY="$no_proxy"

3. Example Configuration

# Proxy settings
export http_proxy="http://192.168.1.100:8080"
export HTTP_PROXY="$http_proxy"
export https_proxy="http://192.168.1.100:8080"
export HTTPS_PROXY="$https_proxy"
export ftp_proxy="http://192.168.1.100:8080"
export FTP_PROXY="$ftp_proxy"
export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8"
export NO_PROXY="$no_proxy"

4. Save and Apply Changes

  1. Save the file (Ctrl+O, then Enter in nano).
  2. Exit the editor (Ctrl+X in nano).
  3. Reload .bashrc to apply the changes: 
    source ~/.bashrc

5. Verify Proxy Settings

Check if the environment variables are set:

env | grep -i proxy

Output should look like:

http_proxy=http://192.168.1.100:8080
HTTPS_PROXY=http://192.168.1.100:8080
no_proxy=localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8

6. Test the Proxy

Test the proxy with curl or wget:

curl -I https://google.com

or

wget -qO- https://google.com

7. Configure Proxy for Specific Tools

7.1. apt (Debian/Ubuntu)

Create or edit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf:

sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf

Add:

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://proxy-server-ip:port";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://proxy-server-ip:port";

7.2. git

Configure Git to use the proxy:

git config --global http.proxy http://proxy-server-ip:port
git config --global https.proxy http://proxy-server-ip:port

7.3. npm (Node.js)

Configure npm to use the proxy:

npm config set proxy http://proxy-server-ip:port
npm config set https-proxy http://proxy-server-ip:port

7.4. yum (RHEL/CentOS)

Edit /etc/yum.conf:

sudo nano /etc/yum.conf

Add:

proxy=http://proxy-server-ip:port

8. Authentication (If Required)

If your proxy requires authentication, include the username and password in the proxy URL:

export http_proxy="http://username:password@proxy-server-ip:port"
export https_proxy="http://username:password@proxy-server-ip:port"

9. Disable Proxy Temporarily

To temporarily disable the proxy, unset the environment variables:

unset http_proxy HTTP_PROXY https_proxy HTTPS_PROXY ftp_proxy FTP_PROXY no_proxy NO_PROXY

10. Permanent Proxy for All Users

To set the proxy system-wide (for all users), add the proxy settings to /etc/environment:

sudo nano /etc/environment

Add:

http_proxy="http://proxy-server-ip:port"
HTTP_PROXY="http://proxy-server-ip:port"
https_proxy="http://proxy-server-ip:port"
HTTPS_PROXY="http://proxy-server-ip:port"
ftp_proxy="http://proxy-server-ip:port"
FTP_PROXY="http://proxy-server-ip:port"
no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8"
NO_PROXY="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8"

11. Troubleshooting

  • Connection Refused: Verify the proxy server is running and the port is open.
  • Authentication Failed: Ensure the username and password are correct.
  • DNS Issues: Add use_proxy_dns=true to the proxy URL if DNS resolution fails.
  • SSL/TLS Errors: Use https_proxy for HTTPS traffic and ensure certificates are trusted.

12. Example: Full .bashrc Proxy Configuration

# Proxy settings
export http_proxy="http://192.168.1.100:8080"
export HTTP_PROXY="$http_proxy"
export https_proxy="http://192.168.1.100:8080"
export HTTPS_PROXY="$https_proxy"
export ftp_proxy="http://192.168.1.100:8080"
export FTP_PROXY="$ftp_proxy"
export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16,10.0.0.0/8"
export NO_PROXY="$no_proxy"

# Alias to toggle proxy
alias proxy-on='source ~/.bashrc'
alias proxy-off='unset http_proxy HTTP_PROXY https_proxy HTTPS_PROXY ftp_proxy FTP_PROXY no_proxy NO_PROXY'

13. Notes

  • Proxy settings in .bashrc only affect command-line tools and terminal sessions. GUI applications may require separate proxy configurations.
  • For systemd services, configure proxies in the service’s environment file (e.g., /etc/systemd/system/service-name.service.d/override.conf).
  • Use export -p to list all exported environment variables.
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