Calculus

Probability

Machine learning methods are often described in the language of probability and there are methods that directly employ probability theories such as Bayes’ Theorem.

Statistics

Statistics helps ML algorithm by answering question: "What does data mean ?". ML adopts statistical modelling methods and improve it further to create its own model.

In ML, whatever we refer as target, feature and feature creation are nothing but dependent variable, variable and transformation in statistics respectively

Algebra