The grammar has two instances of the specifier-head schema: this one
is for phrases where the specifier is the semantic head, as for
determiner+noun
sp-hd_hc_c
This is the other one, for phrases where the syntactic head is also
the semantic head, as for example with degree specifiers as in "The
very old chair"
sb-hd_mc_c
This rule combines a main-clause verb phrase with its subject,
usually an NP.
sb-hd_nmc_c
This rule builds a subject-head construction where the clause is
embedded within a larger phrase (including a matrix filler-head
construction).
hd-aj_int-unsl_c
The ordinary instance of the head-modifier rule schema, for
(post-head) intersective modifiers which do not contain a gap.
aj-hd_scp-pr_c
This is an instance of the modifier-head construction, where the
modifier is scopal (not intersective), and where the punctuation
marks (typically commas) have to match on the two daughters (that's
what the _pr suffix indicates).
aj-hdn_norm_c
This is another instance of the modifier-head construction, but
where the head is restricted to a noun.
n_mnp_c
This is for measure-NPs consisting only of a noun, as in "That
meeting was hours longer than I had expected"
vp_np-ger_c
This is for verbal gerund NPs without a specifier, as in "Hiring
Abrams was easy"
hd_xcmp_c
Rule for extracting a complement (on our lexicalist approach, moving
the complement from COMPS to SLASH, hence starting the unbounded
dependency path upward)
hd_xaj-int-vp_c
Rule for building a verb phrase with an adjunct gap
flr-hd_rel-fin_c
Rule for the filler-head kind of relative clause, as in "The
consultant who Browne hired"
flr-hd_nwh_c
Rule for relative clauses without an overt relative pronoun, as in
"The consultant Browne hired"
hd-cl_fr-rel_c
Rule for free relative phrases, typically as in "Browne left
whenever Abrams arrived"
hd_imp_c
This rule is for imperative clauses
mrk-nh_evnt_c
This rule combines a conjunction like "and" with a non-nominal
phrase to build the right half of a coordinate structure - the "and
danced" part of "sang and danced"
mrk-nh_n_c
This rule builds the right half of an n-bar coordinate structure.
mrk-nh_nom_c
And this one is for the right half of an NP coordination.
n-n_crd-t_c
For conjoining n-bars (distinct from the rule for conjoining NPs)
cl-cl_crd-m_c
This rule conjoins two sentences in what will be at least a
three-conjunct sentence coordination, as in "Kim arrived, [we left,
and Browne stayed]."
hd_optcmp_c
This rule discharges an element of the COMPS list which is marked as
optional, for heads which are non-nominal.
hdn_optcmp_c
And this one does the same for optional complements of nouns.
hdn-aj_rc-pr_c
This rule combines a noun with a relative clause, where the
delimiting commas match up.
hdn-aj_redrel-pr_c
And this one combines a noun with a reduced relative phrase, as in
"the dog angry at the cat"
np_adv_c
Rule that makes certain NPs into modifier phrases, as in "We visited
Rome [the year after you did]"
vp_rc-redrel_c
This rule builds a reduced relative clause phrase (that is, one
which can modify a noun) from an ordinary predicative verb phrase.
vp_sbrd-prd-prp_c
This rule converts an ordinary present-participial verb phrase into
a depictive modifier phrase, as in "Kim arrived, [singing
loudly]."
num_prt-nc_c
This builds another kind of partitive NP (one lacking a nominal
head), here from an integer, and with no PP complement, as in
"[Six] were returned"
pp-aj_frg_c
Rule for building a sentence fragment consisting of a scopal PP
followed by some other modifier phrase.
Brief notes on some lexical rules
det_prt-of-agr_dlr
This makes certain determiners into NPs with no nominal head, and
with an of-marked PP complement, where the number on the NP in the
PP complement matches the number of the the full partitive NP, as in
"[most of the books] arrived"
v_aux-ell-ref_dlr
This rule turns an auxiliary verb into an elliptical VP phrase (one
just consisting of the auxiliary verb), and where its subject is a
referential NP, as in "Kim hasn't arrived, but Browne [has]."
v_aux-advadd_dlr
This rule adds an adverb to the front of the COMPS list of an
adverb, mostly to implement Jongbok's approach to aux negation as in
"Kim is not the winner."
n_ms-cnt_ilr
Another inflectional rule which doesn't change spelling, and which
makes an unflected noun stem into a word which is underspecified for
mass or count (a word like "paper")