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  • netacad.com

Contact Stefan Iulian Enache

[email protected]
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0724577846
email subject: CCNA 1 18/04/2018-1017

  1. Switch (layer 2 DataLink):
  • nr mare de interfete (24,48), de acelasi tip:
  • interconnecteaza elemente din aceeasi retea
  1. Router:
  • nr mic de interfete (2,4) [are interfete de tip LAN si WAN de la ISP]:
  • interconnecteaza retele trebuie sa aiba ip uri din retele diferite pe interfete
  1. AP:
  • realizeaza interconectarea wireless host-urilor la o retelea LAN
  • are o interfata cu fir si minim o interfata fara fir(antena)

Peer2Peer network = all devices may act as both clients and servers (no dedicated server)

Network Interface Card - A NIC, or LAN adapter, provides the physical connection to the network at the PC or other end device.

Physical Port - A connector or outlet on a networking device where the media is connected to an end device or another networking device.

Interface - Specialized ports on a networking device that connect to individual networks. Because routers are used to interconnect networks, the ports on a router are referred to as network interfaces.

Network characteristics:

  • Fault Tolerance (quick recovery and minimize the impact through Redundancy):
    Packet Switching = the message is split into packets (each packet has the necessary addressing info of source and desitanation).This means that all the packets in a single message could take very different paths to the destination
    Circuit Switching = establishes a dedicated circuit between the source and destination before the users may communicate. If the call is unexpectedly terminated, the users must initiate a new connection

  • Sociability (expand the network without impacting the services)

*QoS (mechanism for managing congestion - when the demand of amount of bandwidth [bps] exceeds the amount available ) Volume of traffic has spiked. Bassicaly if the network experiences congestion the QoS prioritize the traffic)

*Security: Confidentiality (only intended and authorized recipients)
Integrity (info has not been altered in transmission) Availability (reliable access)

IPpatterns:

0000 0000 = 0
1111 1111 = 255
subnet mask : identifies the hosts

IP addr type:

  1. Network address: network/id name = can not be set
  • Se copiaza bitii de retea
  • Se inlocuiesc cu zerouri bitii de host
    192.168.1.10 / 24
    N.N.N.H.

NetworkAddress = 192.168.1.0/24 BroadcastAddress = 192.168.255/24

11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 = 8 host bits

e.g: 62.129.51.16/22 nr biti retea=22 nr biti host =32-22=10

NA: 62.192.x.0 x=48 BA: 62.192.x.255 x=51

               .0011 00_11.0000 1000

1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 11_00.0000 0000
.0011 0000.

NR total IP : 2^H - 2

ip: 34.188.93.5/15

nr biti retea = 15
nr biti host = 17

NA:34.x.0.0 /24 BA:35.x.255.255 /24

188 = 1011 1100
1011 110x
NA: 1011 1100 = 188 BA: 1011 1101 = 189

Total Ip-uri: 2^17