#include "kernel/types.h"
#include "kernel/stat.h"
#include "user/user.h"

char buf[512];

void
cat(int fd)
{
  int n;

  while((n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
    if (write(1, buf, n) != n) {
      fprintf(2, "cat: write error\n");
      exit(1);
    }
  }
  if(n < 0){
    fprintf(2, "cat: read error\n");
    exit(1);
  }
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int fd, i;

  if(argc <= 1){
    cat(0);
    exit(0);
  }

  for(i = 1; i < argc; i++){
    if((fd = open(argv[i], 0)) < 0){
      fprintf(2, "cat: cannot open %s\n", argv[i]);
      exit(1);
    }
    cat(fd);
    close(fd);
  }
  exit(0);
}

struct file {
  enum { FD_NONE, FD_PIPE, FD_INODE, FD_DEVICE } type;
  int ref; // reference count
  char readable;
  char writable;
  struct pipe *pipe; // FD_PIPE
  struct inode *ip;  // FD_INODE and FD_DEVICE
  uint off;          // FD_INODE
  short major;       // FD_DEVICE
};

#define major(dev)  ((dev) >> 16 & 0xFFFF)
#define minor(dev)  ((dev) & 0xFFFF)
#define	mkdev(m,n)  ((uint)((m)<<16| (n)))

// in-memory copy of an inode
struct inode {
  uint dev;           // Device number
  uint inum;          // Inode number
  int ref;            // Reference count
  struct sleeplock lock; // protects everything below here
  int valid;          // inode has been read from disk?

  short type;         // copy of disk inode
  short major;
  short minor;
  short nlink;
  uint size;
  uint addrs[NDIRECT+1];
};

// map major device number to device functions.
struct devsw {
  int (*read)(int, uint64, int);
  int (*write)(int, uint64, int);
};

extern struct devsw devsw[];

#define CONSOLE 1

struct devsw devsw[NDEV];
struct {
  struct spinlock lock;
  struct file file[NFILE];
} ftable;

void
fileinit(void)
{
  initlock(&ftable.lock, "ftable");
}

// Allocate a file structure.
struct file*
filealloc(void)
{
  struct file *f;

  acquire(&ftable.lock);
  for(f = ftable.file; f < ftable.file + NFILE; f++){
    if(f->ref == 0){
      f->ref = 1;
      release(&ftable.lock);
      return f;
    }
  }
  release(&ftable.lock);
  return 0;
}

static uint64 (*syscalls[])(void) = {
[SYS_fork]    sys_fork,
[SYS_exit]    sys_exit,
[SYS_wait]    sys_wait,
[SYS_pipe]    sys_pipe,
[SYS_read]    sys_read,
[SYS_kill]    sys_kill,
[SYS_exec]    sys_exec,
[SYS_fstat]   sys_fstat,
[SYS_chdir]   sys_chdir,
[SYS_dup]     sys_dup,
[SYS_getpid]  sys_getpid,
[SYS_sbrk]    sys_sbrk,
[SYS_sleep]   sys_sleep,
[SYS_uptime]  sys_uptime,
[SYS_open]    sys_open,
[SYS_write]   sys_write,
[SYS_mknod]   sys_mknod,
[SYS_unlink]  sys_unlink,
[SYS_link]    sys_link,
[SYS_mkdir]   sys_mkdir,
[SYS_close]   sys_close,
};

void
syscall(void)
{
  int num;
  struct proc *p = myproc();

  num = p->trapframe->a7;
  if(num > 0 && num < NELEM(syscalls) && syscalls[num]) {
    p->trapframe->a0 = syscalls[num]();
  } else {
    printf("%d %s: unknown sys call %d\n",
            p->pid, p->name, num);
    p->trapframe->a0 = -1;
  }
}

uint64
sys_write(void)
{
  struct file *f;
  int n;
  uint64 p;

  if(argfd(0, 0, &f) < 0 || argint(2, &n) < 0 || argaddr(1, &p) < 0)
    return -1;

  return filewrite(f, p, n);
}

struct file {
  enum { FD_NONE, FD_PIPE, FD_INODE, FD_DEVICE } type;
  int ref; // reference count
  char readable;
  char writable;
  struct pipe *pipe; // FD_PIPE
  struct inode *ip;  // FD_INODE and FD_DEVICE
  uint off;          // FD_INODE
  short major;       // FD_DEVICE
};

#define major(dev)  ((dev) >> 16 & 0xFFFF)
#define minor(dev)  ((dev) & 0xFFFF)
#define	mkdev(m,n)  ((uint)((m)<<16| (n)))

// in-memory copy of an inode
struct inode {
  uint dev;           // Device number
  uint inum;          // Inode number
  int ref;            // Reference count
  struct sleeplock lock; // protects everything below here
  int valid;          // inode has been read from disk?

  short type;         // copy of disk inode
  short major;
  short minor;
  short nlink;
  uint size;
  uint addrs[NDIRECT+1];
};

// map major device number to device functions.
struct devsw {
  int (*read)(int, uint64, int);
  int (*write)(int, uint64, int);
};

extern struct devsw devsw[];

#define CONSOLE 1

struct devsw devsw[NDEV];
struct {
  struct spinlock lock;
  struct file file[NFILE];
} ftable;

uint64
sys_write(void)
{
  struct file *f;
  int n;
  uint64 p;

  if(argfd(0, 0, &f) < 0 || argint(2, &n) < 0 || argaddr(1, &p) < 0)
    return -1;

  return filewrite(f, p, n);
}

// Write to file f.
// addr is a user virtual address.
int
filewrite(struct file *f, uint64 addr, int n)
{
  int r, ret = 0;

  if(f->writable == 0)
    return -1;

  if(f->type == FD_PIPE){
    ret = pipewrite(f->pipe, addr, n);
  } else if(f->type == FD_DEVICE){
    if(f->major < 0 || f->major >= NDEV || !devsw[f->major].write)
      return -1;
    ret = devsw[f->major].write(1, addr, n);
  } else if(f->type == FD_INODE){
    // write a few blocks at a time to avoid exceeding
    // the maximum log transaction size, including
    // i-node, indirect block, allocation blocks,
    // and 2 blocks of slop for non-aligned writes.
    // this really belongs lower down, since writei()
    // might be writing a device like the console.
    int max = ((MAXOPBLOCKS-1-1-2) / 2) * BSIZE;
    int i = 0;
    while(i < n){
      int n1 = n - i;
      if(n1 > max)
        n1 = max;

      begin_op();
      ilock(f->ip);
      if ((r = writei(f->ip, 1, addr + i, f->off, n1)) > 0)
        f->off += r;
      iunlock(f->ip);
      end_op();

      if(r != n1){
        // error from writei
        break;
      }
      i += r;
    }
    ret = (i == n ? n : -1);
  } else {
    panic("filewrite");
  }

  return ret;
}

void
consoleinit(void)
{
  initlock(&cons.lock, "cons");

  uartinit();

  // connect read and write system calls
  // to consoleread and consolewrite.
  devsw[CONSOLE].read = consoleread; // CONSOLE 在 kernel/file.h 定義為 1
  devsw[CONSOLE].write = consolewrite;
}

//
// user write()s to the console go here.
//
int
consolewrite(int user_src, uint64 src, int n)
{
  int i;

  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    char c;
    if(either_copyin(&c, user_src, src+i, 1) == -1)
      break;
    uartputc(c);
  }

  return i;
}

// add a character to the output buffer and tell the
// UART to start sending if it isn't already.
// blocks if the output buffer is full.
// because it may block, it can't be called
// from interrupts; it's only suitable for use
// by write().
void
uartputc(int c)
{
  acquire(&uart_tx_lock);

  if(panicked){
    for(;;)
      ;
  }

  while(1){
    if(uart_tx_w == uart_tx_r + UART_TX_BUF_SIZE){
      // buffer is full.
      // wait for uartstart() to open up space in the buffer.
      sleep(&uart_tx_r, &uart_tx_lock);
    } else {
      uart_tx_buf[uart_tx_w % UART_TX_BUF_SIZE] = c;
      uart_tx_w += 1;
      uartstart();
      release(&uart_tx_lock);
      return;
    }
  }
}
//...
// if the UART is idle, and a character is waiting
// in the transmit buffer, send it.
// caller must hold uart_tx_lock.
// called from both the top- and bottom-half.
void
uartstart()
{
  while(1){
    if(uart_tx_w == uart_tx_r){
      // transmit buffer is empty.
      return;
    }
    
    if((ReadReg(LSR) & LSR_TX_IDLE) == 0){
      // the UART transmit holding register is full,
      // so we cannot give it another byte.
      // it will interrupt when it's ready for a new byte.
      return;
    }
    
    int c = uart_tx_buf[uart_tx_r % UART_TX_BUF_SIZE];
    uart_tx_r += 1;
    
    // maybe uartputc() is waiting for space in the buffer.
    wakeup(&uart_tx_r);
    
    WriteReg(THR, c);
  }
}