C++ was designed to be efficient like C, but more conducive to developing large systems. Primary among the features added to this end was support for object-oriented features. C++ is not strictly object-oriented. It has often been described as "object-friendly".

Adoption is an important consideration when designing any langauge. Since C++ was hoping to expand an existing codebase, it was designed to run C unaltered. In other words, a legal C program is a legal C++ program. There are some minor exceptions to this rule[^1], but you can rely on it for the most part.

[^1]: One often cited exception is the use of C++ keywords in C programs. For example int new = 1 is legal C but not legal C++.

To compile C++ using the GNU compiler, replace gcc with g++. (See the Hello World example below.)

Let's start by adapting our first C program to C++.

// A first program in C++
#include <iostream>

int main ()
{
    // The std:: may be omitted by including "using namespace std" above
    std::cout << "Hello World!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

We have already discovered one of the differences with C++, namely stream input and output. std::cout is the C++ designation of the standard output stream. (Somewhat confusingly here, the std in std::out denotes the C++ standard library, not the standard output.) The << operator places the string on the output stream. The std::endl is a platform-independent newline marker. In most cases it will be equivalent to '\n')

Compiling and executing a C++ program is generally the same as with C. For example:

g++ -o hello hello.cpp
g++ -S -masm=intel hello.cpp

The first form above compiles hello.cpp into a file called hello. The second creates assembly langauge output in hello.s.

Which means memory should probably move up here.

File pointers and file descriptors

FILE object. <cstdio>

FILE

File pointer -- example file struct

typedef struct _iobuf
{
    char*   _ptr;
    int _cnt;
    char*   _base;
    int _flag;
    int _file;
    int _charbuf;
    int _bufsiz;
    char*   _tmpfname;
} FILE;

Requests the command processor to execute a command

Configure SSH if you wish to use CLion

https://www.jetbrains.com/help/clion/quick-tutorial-on-configuring-clion-on-windows.html