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SMB (Server Message Block) is a protocol used for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers on a network. The protocol runs over TCP/IP, and it uses two ports: 445 and 139.

Port 445 is the newer version of SMB and is used for file and printer sharing on Windows systems. It is also used for remote administration and for accessing Windows systems via the Internet. Port 445 is also used by some malicious software (such as the WannaCry ransomware) to spread from one computer to another.

Port 139 is an older version of SMB and is used for file and printer sharing on older Windows systems (such as Windows 95, 98, and NT). It is also used by some Linux and Unix systems to share files and printers with Windows systems.

Both ports are used by the SMB protocol to establish connections between computers and to transfer data between them. When a client computer wants to access files or printers on a remote server, it sends a request to the server on port 445 or 139 (depending on the version of SMB being used). The server then responds with the requested information or with an error message if the request cannot be fulfilled.

It is important to note that both ports 445 and 139 are vulnerable to attacks and should be properly secured. This includes keeping operating systems and software up-to-date with security patches, configuring firewalls to block unauthorized access, and using strong passwords to protect shared resources.