Research About How to Enforce WCAG 2.2 in Practice - bounswe/bounswe2024group1 GitHub Wiki

Enforcing WCAG 2.2 in Practice

Implementing WCAG 2.2 in practice requires integrating accessibility standards into the development lifecycle. Here are some specific development examples:

1. Perceivable Content

  • Alt Text for Images: When adding images to a website, include descriptive alt text for each image. This allows screen readers to describe images to visually impaired users. 
    <img src="product.jpg" alt="Red leather handbag with adjustable strap">
  • Video Captions: Provide captions for video content to make it accessible for users with hearing impairments. 
    <video controls>
  <track kind="captions" src="captions_en.vtt" srclang="en" label="English">
</video>
  • Semantic HTML: Use HTML5 semantic tags (like <header>, <nav>, <section>, <footer>) to define the structure, which screen readers rely on to help users navigate the page. 
    <header>
  <h1>Company Name</h1>
</header>
<nav>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

2. Operable Content

  • Keyboard Navigation: Ensure all interactive elements can be accessed with a keyboard. Use JavaScript only when necessary and avoid interfering with native keyboard behaviors. 
    <button>Submit</button> <!-- Ensures buttons are focusable by default -->
  • Focus Indicators: Provide clear visual focus indicators on interactive elements,so keyboard users know which element is currently focused. 
    button:focus {
  outline: 2px solid blue;
}
  • Adjustable Time Limits: For content with a time limit, provide a way for users to adjust or disable it. 
    let timer = setTimeout(() => {
  alert('Session timed out');
}, 60000); // 60 seconds

function extendSession() {
  clearTimeout(timer);
  timer = setTimeout(() => {
    alert('Session timed out');
  }, 60000);
}

3. Understandable Content

  • Readable Text: Write form labels and instructions in simple, clear language. Avoid jargon or provide definitions where necessary. 
    <label for="email">Email Address</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email">
  • Consistent Interface Behavior: Avoid unexpected changes. For example, if a link opens a new window, provide a visual indication. 
    <a href="https://example.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
  Open in a new tab
</a>

4. Robust Content

  • ARIA Roles and Attributes: For custom components, use ARIA roles to define their purpose and state for assistive technologies. For example, a custom button should include role="button" and aria-pressed="true" if it functions like a toggle button. 
    <div role="button" aria-pressed="false" tabindex="0" onclick="togglePressed(this)">
  Toggle Option
</div>

5. Implementing WCAG 2.2 Specific Updates

  • Focus Appearance: In WCAG 2.2, the focus indicator should be more visible. Ensure a strong color contrast for focus states and increase the indicator’s thickness if necessary. 
    button:focus {
  outline: 3px dashed #00f;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
  • Target Size: Ensure that interactive elements have a minimum size of 44x44 CSS pixels. 
    .button {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
}
  • Drag Movements: For interfaces that involve dragging, provide alternative controls for users who may struggle with drag-and-drop interactions. 
    function moveElement(direction) {
  // Function to move an element up, down, left, or right without dragging
}
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