Closed Cycles of Household Chemicals and Hygiene Materials for Autonomous Platform

1. Criteria and Principles

• Complete reproducibility: everything produced on platform from local resources or byproduct flows.
• Ecological safety: only biodegradable and safe for septic microflora substances.
• Minimal waste: maximum closed material flows, byproducts return to biocycles or technical processes.
• Integration with energy system and desalination: brine and organic byproduct flows participate in new cycles.

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2. Main Closed Cycles

2.1. "Soap – Alkali – Fat" Cycle

• Raw material: plant/animal fats (kitchen waste, goats, fish), alkali (NaOH/KOH from brine electrolysis).
• Process: saponification → soap and glycerin.
• Use: soap for hygiene, laundry, cleaning.
• Disposal: soap residues completely decompose in septic/compost, glycerin — for ointments and technical processes.

2.2. "Plant Surfactants – Cleaning – Compost" Cycle

• Raw material: saponin-containing plants (sapindus, soapwort, yucca, legumes, quinoa).
• Process: saponin extraction (soaking, boiling, pressing).
• Use: cleaning solutions for dishes, laundry, hygiene.
• Disposal: residues go to compost or re-extraction, then decompose completely.

Plant Selection Recommendation:

• Main source: Sapindus mukorossi ("soapnut") — two trees of different sexes in containers.
• Backup source: 2 m² soapwort (Saponaria officinalis).

Demand Coverage:

• 2 trees + 2 m² soapwort = 0.95–1.9 kg saponins/year → 100–200% household platform needs (for 15 people).

2.3. "Biocellulose/paper – Disposable Hygiene – Compost" Cycle

• Raw material: bacterial cellulose, amaranth, moringa, bamboo.
• Process: paper, napkin, pad production.
• Use: disposable hygiene products.
• Disposal: composting, return to biocycle.

2.4. "Hypochlorite – Disinfection – Water – Electrolysis" Cycle

• Raw material: brine after desalination (concentrated NaCl).
• Process: electrolysis → NaClO, NaOH, H₂, Cl₂, Mg(en-OH)₂/Ca(en-OH)₂ precipitates.
• Use: disinfection, alkali and reagent production.
• Disposal: chlorine and hypochlorite decompose, water residues return to system, precipitates used as fertilizers or in technical processes.

Brine Integration Features:

• Increased reagent yield (more NaCl — more NaOH, Cl₂, NaClO with same energy).
• Byproduct compound extraction (Mg, Ca) for fertilizers.
• Minimal overboard discharge — all brine goes to production or disposal.

2.5. "Microbial Enzymes – Cleaning Solutions – Biofarm" Cycle

• Raw material: waste, growing enzyme producers (lipases, proteases).
• Process: fermentation, extraction.
• Use: enzyme cleaners, biodegradable and septic-safe.
• Disposal: enzymes completely decompose, biomass — to compost.

2.6. "Bioplastics – Disposable Containers – Compost/biogas" Cycle

• Raw material: bacterial cultures, algae → PHB, PHA.
• Process: molding, forming containers, hygiene products.
• Use: containers, packaging, disposable brushes and sponges.
• Disposal: composting or fermentation, everything returns to carbon cycle.

2.7. "Ash – Alkali – Soap/Cleaning – Septic" Cycle

• Raw material: ash from organic burning.
• Process: alkali, soap, mild cleaning agent production.
• Disposal: completely biodegradable, mineral residue goes to fertilizer.

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3. Production Features for Septic Systems

• All recipes adapted so as not to suppress beneficial microflora:

  • Base — plant saponins, fat-based soap, enzyme solutions.
  • Hypochlorite and chlorine-containing — only for emergency disinfection (without entering septic).

• Each new product — test on small batch before mass use (see biodegradability testing section).

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4. Optimization Using Desalination Brine

• Concentrated brine electrolysis:

  • Increases NaOH, NaClO, Cl₂ production efficiency.
  • Mg/Ca precipitates can be used for fertilizers and chemistry.
  • Entire salt and water cycle maximally closed — minimal discharge.

• Advantages: more reagents with same energy, less waste, new mineral flows.

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5. Practical Flow Scheme

[Desalinator]
     ↓        ↓
[Fresh water] [Brine] 
                     ↓
             [Brine electrolysis]
                     ↓
    ┌─────────────┬─────────────┬────────────┐
[NaOH]    [NaClO/Cl₂]   [Mg/Ca precipitates]   [H₂]
   ↓             ↓             ↓           ↓
[Soap]    [Disinfection] [Fertilizers]   [Fuel]
   ↓             ↓             ↓
[Household chemicals, cleaning, hygiene]
   ↓
[Septic/Compost] → [Plants, saponins, cellulose]
   ↓
[Secondary raw material, new cycles]

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6. Summary and Recommendations

• Critical positions completely covered: cleaners, disinfection, disposable hygiene, containers — all reproducible.
• Two sapindus + 2 m² soapwort provide 100–200% household saponin needs.
• Desalination + brine electrolysis make cycle maximally efficient and closed, with minimal waste.
• Focus on biodegradability and biosystem safety — no industrial surfactants, only saponins, enzymes, alkalis, bio- and organics.
• Failure preparedness — duplication of saponin plant cultures, backup fat-based soap, laboratory biodegradability control.

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Document can be expanded for specific production schemes, cleaning and hygiene product recipes, calculations and optimization for actual population and platform area. If step-by-step instruction for any cycle needed — specify!

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