ls Command in Linux is Most useful command than what we Think

For Listing any files or folders we need to use the ls command in linux systems

1.ls command

Short Listing

root@ubuntu:~# ls Spark spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.1 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.3 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.2 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.4

2.ls -la command

Listing with long all

root@ubuntu:~# ls -la total 219544 drwx------ 4 root root 4096 Oct 26 10:58 . drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Oct 26 11:51 .. -rw------- 1 root root 3099 Oct 25 17:45 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3106 Apr 19 2012 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62 Oct 25 17:02 .install4j -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140 Apr 19 2012 .profile drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 25 17:43 Spark

3.ll command

Long listing

root@ubuntu:~# ll total 219544 drwx------ 4 root root 4096 Oct 26 10:58 ./ drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Oct 26 11:51 ../ -rw------- 1 root root 3099 Oct 25 17:45 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3106 Apr 19 2012 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62 Oct 25 17:02 .install4j -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140 Apr 19 2012 .profile drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 25 17:43 Spark/

4.ls -li command

listing with inode number for all files

root@ubuntu:~# ls -li total 219504 6032959 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 25 17:43 Spark 6032958 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44952405 Oct 25 16:59 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz 6032977 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44952405 Oct 25 17:08 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.1 6032936 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44952405 Oct 25 17:12 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.2

5.ls -lh command

listing with human readeable format for file size's

root@ubuntu:~# ls -lh total 215M drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Oct 25 17:43 Spark -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43M Oct 25 16:59 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43M Oct 25 17:08 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43M Oct 25 17:12 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43M Oct 25 17:30 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43M Oct 25 17:43 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.4

6.ls -g command

Same as listing, But this Don't Display the Owner

root@ubuntu:~# ls -g total 219504 drwxr-xr-x 3 root 4096 Oct 25 17:43 Spark -rw-r--r-- 1 root 44952405 Oct 25 16:59 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root 44952405 Oct 25 17:08 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root 44952405 Oct 25 17:12 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.2

7.ls -s command

Sort file by file size

root@ubuntu:~# ls -s total 219504 4 Spark 43900 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.1 43900 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.3 0 test1 43900 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz 43900 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.2 43900 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.4 0 test.txt

8.ls -1 command

Sort by 1 file per line

root@ubuntu:~# ls -1 Spark spark_2_6_3.tar.gz spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.1 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.2 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.3 spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.4 test1 test.txt

9.lsusb command

Show the USB devices In our System

root@ubuntu:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 03f0:5307 Hewlett-Packard

10.lscpu command

Show the CPU Information in our system

root@ubuntu:~# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 1 On-line CPU(s) list: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 1 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: AuthenticAMD CPU family: 21 Model: 1 Stepping: 2 CPU MHz: 3299.443 BogoMIPS: 6598.88 Hypervisor vendor: Microsoft Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 16K L1i cache: 64K L2 cache: 2048K L3 cache: 8192K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0

11.lsb_release command

This command will show us the Operating system we using currently

root@ubuntu:~# lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise

12.lsbpci command

This command will give us all information about the PCI Devices

root@ubuntu:~# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX Host bridge (AGP disabled) (rev 03) 00:07.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ISA (rev 01) 00:07.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01) 00:07.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 02) 00:08.0 VGA compatible controller: Microsoft Corporation Hyper-V virtual VGA

13.lsblk command

list's the block devices

root@ubuntu:~# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sda 8:0 0 127G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 126G 0 part / ├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part └─sda5 8:5 0 1021M 0 part [SWAP]

14.lsblk -f command

List the file type in block device

root@ubuntu:~# lsblk -f NAME FSTYPE LABEL MOUNTPOINT sr0
sda
├─sda1 ext4 / ├─sda2
└─sda5 swap [SWAP]

15.lsattr command

This will show the attribute of files or Directory

root@ubuntu:~# lsattr -------------e- ./spark_2_6_3.tar.gz -------------e- ./Spark -------------e- ./test.txt -------------e- ./spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.3 -------------e- ./spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.2 -------------e- ./spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.4 -------------e- ./test1 -------------e- ./spark_2_6_3.tar.gz.1

16.lshw command

Give the Hardware information About the system

The output will be in very long listing

17.lshal command

If this command need to work we need to install a small package hal (Hardware Abstraction Layer)

sudo apt-get install hal

lshal will display all hardware abstraction layer devices and the list will be very long

For Getting a scrolled Listing use less option as follow

lshal | less

18.lsmod command

using this command we can see the modules which are installed in the kernel

root@ubuntu:~# lsmod Module Size Used by vesafb 13844 1 rfcomm 47604 0 des_generic 21415 0 bnep 18281 2 md4 12595 0 bluetooth 180104 10 rfcomm,bnep nls_utf8 12557 1 joydev 17693 0 cifs 287273 2 hid_hyperv 13164 0 hid 99559 1 hid_hyperv psmouse 87603 0 mac_hid 13253 0 serio_raw 13211 0 i2c_piix4 13301 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 1 lp hv_netvsc 22939 0 hv_storvsc 17896 2 hv_utils 13540 0 floppy 70365 0 hv_vmbus 34543 4 hid_hyperv,hv_netvsc,hv_storvsc,hv_utils

There are more ls commands available if we install some utilites Such as

lspcmcia, lswn, lsdvd, lsmbox, lscgroup, lspst

To know More About the ls command use command

man ls