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3.Portainer.

3.1 Portainer.

As it is written on the official website https://www.portainer.io/ Portainer is effortless container management for Docker.
But it's not free.
Home & Student license cost $149/year.
Fortunately there is a free community version Portainer CE.
https://docs.portainer.io/start/install-ce/server/docker

3.2 Check these ports are unused.

You can only install a container if its port is free.
Portainer uses ports 8000, 9000 and 9443.

To see the used ports.
netstat -plnt

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8082            0.0.0.0:*             LISTEN      1669/docker-proxy  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8081            0.0.0.0:*             LISTEN      1679/docker-proxy  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:33772           0.0.0.0:*             LISTEN      1642/docker-proxy  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:33771           0.0.0.0:*             LISTEN      1663/docker-proxy

In this example, these ports 8081, 8082, 33771 and 33772 are used.

3.3 Portainer installation.

This procedure is based on this example.

Docker server ip :192.168.60.55/24
Your username: teacher
Your home directory:/home/teacher

docker volume create portainer_data

Search for the latest version of Portainer-ce.
https://hub.docker.com/r/portainer/portainer-ce/tags
At 1 December 2024 this is version 2.21.0.
2.21 is the first Long Term Support, or "LTS", release of Portainer.

docker run -d -p 8000:8000 -p 9000:9000 -p 9443:9443 --name portainer --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v portainer_data:/data portainer/portainer-ce:2.21.0

3.4 Open Portainer with your browser.

Add this rule to the firewall.
ufw allow in from any to any port 9000

http://192.168.60.55:9000
username: admin
The password must be at least 12 characters long.
Create user.

Get Started
Clic on local Environments.

At the left, you have :

  • Containers.
  • Images.
  • Networks.
  • Volumes.

3.5 How to use Portainer.

The administration of containers with Docker is command line.
All command lines start with Docker ....

I use the Portainer application only for:

  • Start, stop, edit, remove a container.
  • Remove Images.
  • Create or remove networks.
  • Create or remove volumes.

3.6 Naming convention.

This is my naming agreement.
If I have several containers, it's very difficult for me to navigate.

3.6.1 Containers' name.

The name will be of the form cnt_ [app] _ [type] _ [number]

Example:
Drupal needs the drupal and mariadb container.
App gives dpl (3 Characters) for Drupal.
Type gives wb for HTML and db for database.
Number is instance 1 for drupal.
cnt_dpl_wb_1 is container 1 for Drupal html.
cnt_dpl_db_1 is container 1 for Drupal database.
The 2 containers number 1 are together.

3.6.2 Networks'name.

The default network is bridge.
The issue is that all containers will be on the same network.
I chose to create a network for each container that will be together.

The name will be of the form net _ [app] _ [number]
Example:
Drupal needs a network.
App gives dpl (3 characters) for Drupal.
Number is instance 1 for Drupal.
net_dpl_1 is the network for Drupal.

3.6.3 Volumes'name.

The volume is the place where is stored:

  • html
  • database

By default the volumes are created on:
/var/lib/docker/volumes

The name will be of the form vol_ [app] _ [type] _ [number]

Example:
Drupal needs the drupal and mariadb volume.
App gives dpl (3 characters) for Drupal.
Type gives wb for html and db for database.
Number is instance 1 for drupal.
vol_dpl_wb_1 is container 1 for Drupal html.
vol_dpl_db_1 is container 1 for Drupal database.
The 2 containers number 1 are together.

3.7 Container logs.

Open Portainer.
In my example,Docker IP server is 192.168.60.55.
http:192.168.60.55:9000

Click on local Environments.

At the left, you have :

  • Containers.
  • Images.
  • Networks.
  • Volumes.

Select Container.
Choose your container.
Example : cnt_wps_wb_1
You have "Quick Actions" with 5 items.

  • logs
    It's for me.
  • inspect
    For advanced users.
  • stats
    For stats lovers.
  • exec Console
    Don't use.
  • Attach console
    Don't use.

The logs, give you messages when everything is going wrong or when everything is going well.

Example:

  • for a web type container, you have when everything goes well.
Command line: 'apache2 -D FOREGROUND'
  • for a db type container, you have when everything goes well.
socket: '/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  mariadb.org binary distribution