INTRODUCTION - a-division-2019-20-odd/Repo-07 GitHub Wiki

TEAM 7

PAPER BAG MAKING MACHINE

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays paper bags can be seen everywhere being used for packaging or to carry stuff. They are preferred over plastic bags for many reasons. Major being the pollution and recycling factor. This is one of a major issues in India.Plastic bags are not good for environment especially when they cannot be recycled. In India there is no "Grading"(quality) being done for plastics. Many countries like USA,UK,GERMANY,UAE etc have decided a range of plastic that could be used.And the plastics below these levels are all banned. Which indeed is not followed by India yet.Even this method hasn't helped these countries to solve the problem of pollution.

ADVERSE EFFECTS DUE TO PLASTICS

Recycling plastic is to saving the Earth what hammering a nail is to halting a falling skyscraper.The real problem is that single-use plastic—the very idea of producing plastic items like grocery bags, which we use for an average of 12 minutes but can persist in the environment for half a millennium—is an incredibly reckless abuse of technology. Here are some statistics showing adverse effect due to plastics.

Fig:1 Usage of plastic in different fields

Fig:2 Destruction caused by overproduction of plastic

Solution

Plastics cannot be stopped being used till we invent or rediscover some eco-friendly material .But then we can reduce the use of plastics where we can.We should prefer over paper bags for grocery,medicines,food and beverages etc. then plastics.

Fig:3 Pie chat showing usage of different types of plastics

There are many large-scale industrial machines for the purpose of making paper bags, ranging from fully automatic to manual machines. Now if we go in detail of Paper Bag making

Process steps

  1. Cutting
  2. Pressing
  3. Printing
  4. Punching
  5. Handle attach
  6. Packaging

Subsystems

  1. Paper feeder
  2. Paper presser
  3. Glue unit
  4. Cutting unit
  5. Folding unit
  6. Handle unit

EXAMPLE(Prototype_0)

Principle

The paper is fed into machine with the help of rollers which folds the paper and glues the side resulting in cylindrical shape. In the next step, one side of this cylindrical paper is closed and handle holes punched on the upper end.

Working of a paper bag machine

Step 1 : Roll Paper Feeding and Folding At the initial stage of manufacturing process, the paper roll is unwound and feed into the machine using some sort of feeder or rollers. Step 2 : Paper Bag Forming This is the main part of the process where the paper fed is converted into cylindrical tube by sealing both the ends. Step 3 : Cutting After the sealing process is completed, work of the next unit is to cut the tube-like paper into desired length Step 4 : Gluing After step 3, we have paper tubes of required length. Then we seal the bottom end of the bag. Step 5 : End Folding The glued bottom end section is now folded to make it stick properly. Step 6 : Finishing After all the process done, the bags are stacked and ready to be used

Components of Paper Bag making Machine

The main components

  1. Micro-controller
  2. Limit Switches
  3. Control Switches
  4. Infra-Red Sensor
  5. L298Driver
  6. Linear Actuators
  7. DC Motors
  8. Power Supply
  9. LCD

Fig:4 Basic work flow chart

Fig:5 IR sensors

We will have a better understanding from the block diagram.

Fig:6 Block diagram of a paper bag making machine

System units

  1. Paper feeder The automatic paper feeder is a feature which feeds the paper one page at a time into the system because it is easy to grab one paper which will automatically feed through the system. Paper feeders are described by speed, in pages per minute and capacity, usually in the range from 10 sheets to 200.
  2. Glue Dispenser To put the glue on desired locations of the page the Glue dispenser is used. The Glue level sensor is used to detect the level of glue.

Fig:7 Paper Feeder and Glue Dispenser

  1. Partial Paper Cutter actuator
    The partial paper cutter actuator is used to give the cuts at specific points of the page coming from the paper feeder so as to ease the folding of the paper. The paper cutter will move up and down during the production of the paper bags.

  2. Fold and Paste unit After putting the glue on desired locations and giving fold mark by the paper cutter, the system automatically fold and paste the paper to produce the ready paper bags through second roller mechanism. After folding and pasting, the ready bags are automatically collected beneath the system.

Fig:8 Fold and Paste Unit