• Create repository locally: git init
• Clone existing repository: git clone [url]

1. Untracked (?? in -s)
2. Unmodified
3. Modified ( M[not staged] or M [staged] in -s)
4. Staged

• .gitignore, just write file type or directory in this file.

git status or git diff => git add -A => git commit -m "info"
Look up current state => cache files => stage files
git commit -a -m "info" to bypass git add

• git rm -f filename: remove file from cache and disk
• git rm --cached filename: remove file only from cache but keep it on disk
• git rm \*~: need \ backslash

• git mv file_from file_to

• git log [-p] [-n]: display in details what's changed, -n defines how many entries to display
• git log --stat: display a concise statistical change
• git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" --graph: format the log content and using graphical display

• git commit --amend: forgot to add some files after commit. usage:

    $ git commit -m 'initial commit'  
    $ git add forgotten_file  
    $ git commit --amend

• git reset HEAD <file>

• git checkout -- <file>

Remember, anything that is committed in Git can almost always be recovered. However, anything you lose that was never committed is likely never to be seen again.

• git remote -v

• git remote add <shortname> <url>: add a remote repository from other college working on same project

• git fetch <remote_shortname>: fetch data from remote, without merging
• git pull <remote_shortname>: automatically fetch and then merge that remote branch into your current branch

• git push <remote> <branch>: consistency with the remote is required

• git remote show <remote>: list the URL for the remote as well as the tracking branch information

• git remote rename <old_shortname> <new_shortname>
• git remote remove(or rm) <shortname>