Road Map - WEHI-RCPStudentInternship/quantum-computing GitHub Wiki

Stage-Zero: The Qubit & Quantum Computing Basics from Keti Zhang

At State - Zero, we will be providing some great resources for you to get start with, in particular, help you to understand what is a Qubit, which is the fundamental building block of quantum computing. No matter your desired destination in the field of quantum computing, this will be the starting point of entry.

• How does quantum computing works? 7 mins long video, illustrates the difference between a quantum computer and traditional computer. Qubit | Superposition | Spin State

• This video 10 mins long, explains the basics of qubit superposition. Entanglement | Quantum Mechanics | Superposition | Quantum Numbers | Quantum Atomic Clock | Quantum Cryptography

• What are Qubits? 7 mins long, explains the difference between Qubit and classical bit by the Bloch Sphere. Notation | Ket States | Dirac Expression | Qubits

• Quantum computer explained with quantum physics 9 mins long video clearly illustrates what is a quantum computer. Qubit Probability | Qubit Amplitude | Entanglement | Interference | Quantum Algorithm

• This website provides a nice and short view of superposition and entanglement. Superposition | Entanglement | Interference

• Ted talk- Beginner guide in Quantum Computing 10 mins Ted-talk that take you through the basics of quantum computing. Quantum Computer | Cryptography | Medicine | Quantum Internet

• Quantum Computing Expert Explains One Concept in 5 Levels of Difficulty 19 mins long video. Quantum Computer | Hardware | Superposition | Entanglement | Error Correction | Interference | Quantum Algorithm | Decoherence

• Short Video on Quantum Computing Noise Breakthrough. Noise | Error Mitigation

Can I skip stage-zero?

• Sadly no, no matter what you intend in the field of quantum computing, a basic understanding of qubits is a must.

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Stage-One: Fundamentals of Quantum Computing

After you have a brief understanding of a qubit, and truly accept the fact that in quantum world things just don't work in the way we might expect, we shall move to some of the more advanced topics. We have provided a few different ways to explore from this point on, to help you find an option "like an elective" that most closely fits your learning style.

Multiple Stage-One "electives" to choose from

• Original Stage-One: Fundamentals of Quantum Computing by Keti Zhang - original course
• For people who prefer a structured delivery of content from a single source, try this 2min introductory video and if you like it, feel free to follow along with this channel which contains a comprehensive collection of quantum computing topics up to quantum machine learning.
• Another option for a structured delivery of content from a single source is this channel covering everything from qubits to quantum machine learning. Here is the first video in the channel which you can watch to see if you like the structure.
• Another option for a structured delivery of content is via Linkedin's Quantum Computing Courses. Sign up for a free trial of premium to get access.
• For people with a mathematical background who want to explore more theoretical concepts, please visit here for further readings.

Original Stage-One: Fundamentals of Quantum Computing by Keti Zhang

In this , Quantum Gate & Circuits, and Quantum Measurement is what we will focus on.

• Quantum Algorithm Introduction. Brief explanation and video introducing foundations of quantum computing. Quantum Algorithm | Quantum Circuit
• Logic Gates Rotate Qubits 8 mins long. This video explains the strange effects of quantum logical gates, a further understanding on the nature of qubits. Logic Gates | Measurement | Bloch Sphere Model | Visual Representation
• How Quantum Entanglement Works. 15mins long. This video uses visual and mathematical representations to display the behaviour of entangled qubits. Entanglement | Qubit Amplitude | Complex Numbers | Linear Algebra | Matrix | Qubit Probability | Visual Representation | Logic Gates
• 2-Qubits Gate matrix representation 16 mins long. This video illustrate some mathematical foundations of matrix algebra in qubits. If you liked this explanation and want to explore more mathematical notation, derivations, and explanations, check out the rest of the playlist here. Logic Gates | Quantum Circuits | Linear Algebra
• Measurements in quantum mechanics || Concepts 10 mins long. This video explains the basic concept of quantum measurement. Measurement | Qubit Probability | Linear Algebra
• Measurements in quantum mechanics || Mathematical details 13 mins long. This video is a sequel to the last video that illustrate the mathematics behind it. Measurement | Qubit Probability | Linear Algebra | Mathematical Derivation
• Quantum circuits 5 mins long. Explaining the concepts of quantum circuits with simple example. Quantum Circuits | Logic Gates | Linear Algebra | Matrix | Notation
• Quantum computing for Business Managers This paper provide a non-technical explanation of quantum computing from a business manager perspective, by illustrating multiple real world applications and it's potentials. Good starting point. Quantum Algorithms | Amplitude Amplification | Quantum Fourier Transform | Quantum Walks | Applications

Can I skip Stage-one?

• It will be based on your intention, if you want to read and understand academic papers in quantum computing, then stage-one is a must as it provides some fundamental matrix representations and calculations of qubits which researchers use all the time. It also consists of some core concepts such as logic gates and circuits which is essential to fully understand stage-two.

Stage-Two: Intermediate Quantum Concepts from Keti Zhang

At this stage we could enter the heart of quantum computing, why it's fast? Why it's useful? What's the disadvantages? It all lies in the topic of Quantum Algorithms and Quantum Error correction.

• Grover's Algorithm 9 mins long, illustrating the basic properties of Grover's algorithm. Grover's Algorithm | Superposition | Unstructured Search | Oracle Function | Quantum Circuit | Notation | Qubit Amplitude | Qubit Probability
• Grover's Algorithm with Python code This is a really good online tutorial that introduces this important algorithm. Grover's Algorithm | Python | Unstructured Search | Oracle Function | Diffuse Operator | Quantum Circuit | Notation | Visual Representation | Qubit Amplitude | Qubit Probability
• Lucas Hackl' Public lecture 1 hour lecture that takes you from basic quantum states to Grover's Algorithm, for those who want a relatively solid understanding. Grover's Algorithm | Unstructured Search | Oracle Function | Diffuse Operator | Quantum Circuit | Notation | Visual Representation | Linear Algebra | Qubit Amplitude | Qubit Probability
• Quantum error correction 1 hour tutorial that will take you through the key ideas of quantum error correction, including the concepts of Shor's 9 qubit Code. Error Correction | Quantum Circuit | Entanglement | Shor's Algorithm | Notation | Mathematical Derivation
• Current NISQ Technology and Beyond 1+ hour video on capabilities and limitations of current quantum devices.
• Quantum Fourier transform These lecture slides explains how the Fast Fourier transform is applied in Quantum Computing. Quantum Fourier Transform | Quantum Circuit | Notation | Mathematical Derivation | Inverse Quantum Fourier Transform | Quantum Phase Estimation | Oracle Function | Linear Algebra

Can I skip Stage-two?

• Again, it will be based on your intention. If you just want to run some basic simulations, then a general idea of how those algorithms works would be enough. However if you want to dig deeper, I would highly recommend watching all of the videos in stage-two, especially the public lecture delivered by Lucas Hackl.

Final Stage: Practical applications and further directions

Now, if you have finished the previous stages, you can start progressing to concepts such as quantum machine learning models. This is a stepping point into further applications which are detailed on the stage 3 section of our wiki along with applications in other areas such as biology and and science behind quantum computing as well.

• Pennylane Packages and Tensorflow in QML are most commonly used QML packages, you should defiantly read through those instructions.
• Quantum Machine Learning by Qiskit Lectures in QML by IBM, taking you from Qubits to QML. Lectures are ~1 hour and can be watched selectively based on what areas are being explored
• QML introduction This is also a whole series of short videos from an independent youtube that introduces QML.
• Pennylane Free Tutorials This is the best starting point for QML, a beginner-friendly tutorials that covers most of the important topics in QML, with python code as well.
• Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks. See how CNN, a famous image classification model applies on quantum machine.

Research from different areas is compiled in extra resources stage 3 section. Areas explored include:

• Quantum machine learning
  • Quantum Neural Networks
  • Quantum NLP
  • Quantum CNN
  • Quantum Kernel Method
• Applications in biology
  • Protein Folding Problem
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Protein-DNA Binding
• Applications in other natural sciences
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
• Science behind quantum computing and theoretical improvements
  • Quantum error mitigation
  • Quantum Computational Complexity