ESTABLISHING FUNCTIONS

Feed grain:

Receive grain Control flow rate Spread grain

Detect grain:

Detect colour Detect size Detect defects

Classify grain:

Compare with standards Identify acceptable grain Identify defective grain

Separate grain:

Activate sorting mechanism Remove defective grain Direct good grain

Collect:

Collect good grain Collect rejected grain Prevent mixing

Monitor:

Adjust settings Monitor operation Display results Give alerts

Function Tree

Concept Designs

Final Concept Design

Morphological Chart 1

Serial No.	Subfunction	Means 1	Means 2	Means 3	Means 4
1	Receive grain / separate into single line	Slanted wooden channel (C1)	Plastic funnel (C2)	V-groove cardboard slide (C3)	Vibrating tray
2	Control flow rate / check grain size/colour	LDR light sensor (C1)	TCS3200 colour sensor (C2)	IR proximity sensor (C3)	Webcam / phone camera (C4)
3	Spread grain into single layer / Process & control logic	Arduino Uno (C1)	Arduino Nano (C2)	Raspberry Pi Pico (C3)	PIC Microcontroller (C4)
4	Capture images / Power the system	9V Battery (C1)	5V Power bank (C2)	12V DC Adapter (C3)	USB cable from PC (C4)
5	Detect colour differences / Push/Redirect bad grains	SG90 Micro servo motor (C1)	Small DC motor fan (C2)	Stepper motor arm (C3)	Small 5V solenoid (C4)
6	Sieve	Circular mesh sieve	Vibrating screen mesh	Perforated plate	Linear slot screen
7	Detect foreign materials/defects	Optical sensor array	Laser scanner	High-res camera	Infrared imaging
8	Compare with quality standards	RGB thresholding	Pixels/area comparison	Microcontroller logic	Machine learning model
9	Separate acceptable grain	Gravity drop chute	Air jet blast	Diverter flap	Mechanical gates
10	Identify defective grain	Signal spike trigger	Color code grouping	Coordinate logging	Flagging system
11	Activate gates	Solenoid pulse	Servo rotation	Relay switch	Pneumatic valve
12	Remove defective grain	Sweeper arm	Vacuum suction	Trapdoor drop	Deflector plate
13	Direct good grain	Centralized chute	Flat conveyor	Flap guide	Funnel collector
14	Collect sorted grain	Removable bin	Collection drawer	Conveyor discharge	Storage hopper
15	Collect rejected material	Waste bin	Separate tray	Rejection bag	Scrap chute
16	Prevent cross-contamination	Physical dividers	Enclosed chambers	Smooth non-stick surfaces	Dust extraction
17	Adjust sorting settings	Potentiometer dial	Digital UI/App	Calibration buttons	Code adjustment
18	Monitor machine	Status LEDs	LCD Character display	Serial monitor output	Mobile dashboard
19	Display quality results	Seven-segment display	OLED screen module	PC monitor display	RGB Indicator lights
20	Trigger alerts	Piezo buzzer	Flashing red LED	System shutdown	Push notification

Morphological Chart 2