Chapter 2: Basic Data Types - VinGok/Python-Basics GitHub Wiki

## data pointed by the identifier
->>> a=120
->>> print(a)
120

## address of the memory location
->>> print(id(a))
1346189584

## input data from keyboard
->>> x = input ('Enter an integer: ')
Enter an integer: 135

->>> print(x)
135


## using function name as identifier
->>> input = 200
->>> print(input)
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable

->>> a=120
->>> b=80
->>> c=50

->>> type(a)
<class 'int'>

->>> a+b/c
121.6

->>> a+b//c
121

->>> a = 3
->>> a += 2
->>> print(a)
5

->>> a = 3
->>> a *= 2
->>> print(a)
6

->>> a = 30
->>> b = 50
->>> print(a, "plus", b, "equals to", a+b)
30 plus 50 equals to 80


## Convert user-input to integer 
->>> a = int(input("Enter a number "))
Enter a number 12
->>> print(a)
12

->>> a=True
->>> type(a)
<class 'bool'>

->>> a = 1
->>> a == 1
True

->>> num1 = 13
->>> num2 = 25
->>> num1 > num2
False

->>> num1 <= num2
True


## Checking for equality
->>> num1 = -25
->>> num2 = num1
->>> num1 == num2
True

->>> not (num1+num2 <= 0)
False

## Not equal to condition
->>> 26.55 != 26.555
True 

->>> (1 <= 2) and (10 == 10.0)
True 

->>> (2+3 == 6) or (5//2 == 2)
True

->>> bin(10)
'0b1010'

->>> int('1010', 2)
10

->>> int('1010')
1010

->>> oct(40)
'0o50'

->>> int ('50', 8)
40

->>> hex(255)
'0xff'

->>> int('ff', 16)
255

dec = int('150', 8)
print(hex(dec))

dec = int('43', 5)
print(oct(dec))

->>> a = 1.1
->>> type(a)
<class 'float'>

->>> a = 1.1 + 3
->>> print(a)
4.1

->>> a = 1.1/2
->>> print(a)
0.55

->>> a = float(input("Enter a number: "))
->>> Enter a number: 12.456
->>> print(a)
12.456

->>> int(2.333)
2

->>> float(2)
2.0

->>> import math
->>> math.ceil(2.3)
3

->>>math.floor(2.3)
2

->>> math.sqrt(9)
3.0

->>> import decimal as d
->>> import math
->>> m.pi
3.141592653589793
->>> d.Decimal(math.pi)
Decimal('3.141592653589793115997963468544185161590576171875')

Decimal and e.g. float cannot be mixed.

->>> from decimal import Decimal as dd
->>> dd(23) / dd("1.05")
Decimal('21.9047619047619047619047619047619047619047619047619047619047619048')
->>> dd(23.15 / math.pi)
Decimal('7.3688738651547538438535411842167377471923828125')

->>> a = "This is Python Basics course"
->>> print(a)
This is Python Basics course

->>> type(a)
<class 'str'>

->>> a = "Python"
->>> print(len(a))
6

->>> a = 'It's a Thursday'
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

->>> a = 'It\'s a Thursday'
->>> print(a)
It's a Thursday

->>> b = "This is "Python Basics" course"
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

->>> b = "This is \"Python Basics\" course"
This is "Python Basics" course

->>> c = "This is Python Basics Course.
It runs every Thursday"
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal

->>> c = """This is Python Basics Course.
It runs every Thursday"""
->>> print(c)
This is Python Basics Course.
It runs every Thursday

->>> a = "This is Python Basics course"
->>> print(a[1])
h

->>> a = "This is Python Basics course"
->>> print(a[len(a)])
IndexError: string index out of range

->>> print(a[len(a)-1])
e

->>> print(a[-2])
s

->>> print(a[-len(a)])
T

->>> a = float('12.34')
->>> print(a, type(a))
12.34 <class 'float'>

->>> a = str(12.34)
->>> print(a, type(a))
12.34 <class 'str'>

->>> a = int('12')
->>> print(a, type(a))
12 <class 'int'>

->>> a = str(12)
->>> print(a, type(a))
12 <class 'str'>

->>> a = int('12.34')
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12.34'

->>> a = 150
->>> int(str(a)[0]) + int(str(a)[1]) + int(str(a)[2])
6

text = "This is Python Basics course"
for i in text:
    print (i, end = "")

This is Python Basics course

text = "This is Python Basics course"
for i in range (0, len(text)):
    print (text[i], end="")

This is Python Basics course

text = "This is Python Basics course"
spaces = 0

for i in text:
    if (i == " "):
        spaces = spaces+1

print("Word count: ",spaces+1)

5

->>> "P" in "Python"
True

->>> 3 in (2, 3, 4)
True

->>> "r" not in "Thursday"
False

->>> a = "this is Python Basics course"
->>> a = a + " running in winter semester"
->>> print(a)
this is Python Basics course running in winter semester

->>> a = "this is Python Basics course"
->>> a = a + " running in winter semester"
->>> print(a)
this is Python Basics course running in winter semester

->>> a = "this is Python Basics course"
->>> a = a * 2
->>> print(a)
this is Python Basics coursethis is Python Basics course

->>> a = "this is Python Basics course"
->>> print(len(a))
28

text = input("Enter the text: ")
last_word = ""
for i in range (-1,-len(text),-1):
    if (text[i] == " "):
        break

for j in range(i+1,0):
    last_word = last_word + text[j]

print(last_word)

->>> a = "Python"
->>> a[1] = "m"
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

->>> a = "Python"
->>> a = a + " Basics"
->>> print(a)
Python Basics

->>> a = "Python"
->>> id(a)

->>> a = a + " Basics"
->>> id(a)

->>> print(ord('A'))
65

->>> print(ord('!'))
33

->>> print(ord(':'))
58

->>> print(chr(97))
a

->>> print(chr(125))
}

text = "This is Python Basics course"
count = 0

for i in text:
    if (ord(i) >= 65 and ord(i) <= 90):
        count = count + 1

print("Number of upper-case characters is ", count)

input_string = input("Enter the string: ")
output_string = ""

for i in input_string:
    output_string = output_string + chr(ord(i)+15)

print("Output string is ", output_string)

->>> a = 50
->>> b = 20
->>> print("Sum of", a, "and", b, "is", a+b, "and the difference between", a, "and", b, "is", a-b)
Sum of 50 and 20 is 70 and the difference between 50 and 20 is 30

->>> print("Sum of {0} and {1} is {2}, and the difference between {0} and {1} is {3}".format(a, b, a+b, a-b))
Sum of 50 and 20 is 70, and the difference between 50 and 20 is 30

->>> a = "Python Basics"
->>> print(a[5:10])
n Bas

->>> print(a[-5:-2])
asi

->>> print(a[:])
Python Basics 

->>> print(a[2:])
thon Basics

->>> print(a[:8])
Python B

->>> print(a[-2:7])


->>> print(a[9:2:-1])
saB noh

->>> print(a[::])
Python Basics

->>> print(a[::-1])
scisaB nohtyP

->>> print(a[2::-1])
tyP

->>> a = "Python Basics"
->>> print(a[2:12:2])
to ai

->>> print(a[-2:-14:-4])
cBh

->>> print(a[-6:len(a):2])
Bsc

->>> print(a[::2])
Pto ais

->>> a = 'Tyrion Lanister'
->>> a.index("i")
3

->>> a.count("i")
2

->>> a.isupper()
False

->>> print(a.upper())
TYRION LANISTER

->>> s="I have a cat her name is Lit and on the mat she loves to sit"
->>> s[10:].index("a")
3

->>> s[5:-3].count("i")
2

->>> s.split(" ")
['I', 'have', 'a', 'cat', 'her', 'name', 'is', 'Lit', 'and', 'on', 'the', 'mat', 'she', 'loves', 'to', 'sit']

->>> text = "Python Basics"
->>> for i in text:
->>>	text = text.lstrip(i)
->>>	print(text)

ython Basics
thon Basics
hon Basics
on Basics
n Basics
 Basics
Basics
asics
sics
ics
cs
s

name = "This is Python Basics course; it runs every Thursday!."

lower = ""
upper = ""
special = ""

for i in name:
    if (i.isupper()):
        lower = lower + i
        lower = lower + ","
    elif (i.islower()):
        upper = upper + i
        upper = upper + ","
    else:
        special = special + i
        special = special + ","


print ("""Upper case alphabets: {0} \n Lower case alphabets: {1} \n Special characters: {2}""".format(upper, lower, special))

text = """This is a very short paragraph which gives no useful information! 
The point of this statement is to only make the ""paragraph"" long :). However,
it's time to end it here!"""

max_length = 0

text = text.split(" ")

for i in text:
    count = 0
    for j in i:
        if (j.isalpha()):
            count = count + 1
    
    if (count > max_length):
        max_length = count
        max_word = i

print("{0} is the word with max. length {1}".format(max_word, max_length))
                 
->>> information! is the word with max. length 11

s = "This is a nice morning. we would like to explore. today's weather is great!"
new = ""

i = s.split(". ")

for j in i:
    if (j[0].islower()):
        new = new + j[0].upper() + j[1:] + ". "
    else:
        new = new + j + ". "
    
new = new.rstrip(". ")
print(new)