• Go, also called Golang, is an open-source, statically typed, compiled programming language developed by Google in 2009.

• It was designed to build fast, reliable, scalable, and concurrent software.

• Go is a programming language designed to create high-performance applications that efficiently utilize modern multi-core processors.

terraform init

Downloads the OCI provider plugin and initializes the working directory. Always run this first, and again whenever you add a new provider or module.

terraform version

Checks installed Terraform version — useful for compatibility checks with the OCI provider.

terraform providers

Lists all providers required by your configuration (e.g. registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/oci).

terraform validate

• Checks your .tf files for syntax errors and internal consistency — catches mistakes before you even plan.

terraform fmt

Auto-formats your .tf files into Terraform's standard style (indentation, spacing). Good practice before every commit.

terraform fmt -recursive

• Formats all .tf files in subdirectories too — useful in larger module-based projects.

terraform plan

• Generates an execution plan — shows exactly what will be created, changed, or destroyed on OCI without making any real changes. Always run before apply.

terraform plan -out=tfplan

• Saves the plan to a file so the exact same plan can be applied later — prevents drift between plan and apply.

terraform plan -var="region=ap-mumbai-1"

• Passes a variable value directly via command line, overriding variables.tf defaults.

terraform apply

• Executes the plan and actually provisions resources on OCI — creates VCNs, compute, databases, etc. Prompts for confirmation (yes) before proceeding.

terraform apply -auto-approve

• Same as above but skips the manual confirmation prompt — used heavily in CI/CD pipelines.

terraform apply tfplan

• Applies a previously saved plan file exactly as reviewed — best practice for production deployments.

terraform apply -target=oci_core_vcn.my_vcn

• Applies only a specific resource instead of the entire configuration — useful for targeted fixes or staged rollouts.

terraform state list

• Lists all resources currently tracked in the state file — quick way to see what Terraform manages.

terraform state show oci_core_instance.my_vm

• Shows detailed attributes of a specific resource from the state — IP address, OCID, shape, etc.

terraform state rm oci_core_instance.my_vm

• Removes a resource from state tracking without deleting it from OCI — useful when you want Terraform to "forget" something.

terraform import oci_core_vcn.<VCN_Name>_<ocid of my alrady created VCN>

terraform import oci_core_vcn.my_vcn ocid1.vcn.oc1...

• Brings an existing OCI resource (created manually) under Terraform management by importing its OCID into state.

terraform refresh

• Updates the state file to match the real-world current status of resources on OCI — detects manual changes (drift).

terraform destroy

• Deletes all resources defined in the configuration from OCI — full teardown. Prompts for confirmation.

terraform destroy -auto-approve

• Same as above but skips confirmation — used in automated cleanup pipelines (e.g. tearing down temporary test environments).

terraform destroy -target=oci_core_instance.my_vm

• Destroys only a specific resource instead of the entire stack.

terraform output

Displays all output values defined in outputs.tf — e.g. public IP, VCN OCID, load balancer endpoint.

terraform output -json

Returns outputs in JSON format — useful for piping into scripts or other automation tools.

terraform show

• Displays the full current state in human-readable format — every resource and its attributes.

terraform graph

• Generates a visual dependency graph of all resources — shows what depends on what (can be piped into Graphviz).

terraform workspace new dev

• Creates a new isolated workspace (e.g. Dev, UAT, Prod) — each with its own state file, using the same .tf code.

terraform workspace select prod

• Switches to a different workspace before running plan/apply.

terraform workspace list

• Shows all available workspaces in the current project.

Initialize a new Git repository

git init

Download an existing repository

git clone <repo> 

** View file and repository status**

git status

Stage changes

git add <file> / git add

** Save a snapshot of staged changes**

git commit -m "message

View commit history

git log --oneline

List branches

git branch

Create and switch to a new branch

git checkout -b feature-x

Switch branches

git switch main

Merge a branch into the current branch

git merge feature-x

Fetch and merge the latest changes

git pull origin main

Upload local commits to GitHub

git push origin main

Show configured remote repositories

git remote -v

Download remote changes without merging

git fetch

Show code differences

git diff

Discard unstaged changes to a file

git restore <file>