Chapter 3.2 字串 - TKU-ME-Lab/C-C-_tutorial GitHub Wiki

字串變數

在C++中,將以字元陣列儲存字串 由於字串最後必須以"\0"做結尾,字元陣列的大小,應為儲存字串的字元數家1 以下語法將宣告字串變數:

char a[5] = "John";


char a[5] = {'J','o','h','n'};

下圖為字串的儲存與存取說明:

各別存取語法    a[0]   a[1]   a[2]   a[3]   a[4]
 陣列元素        J      o      h      n     \0

EX:

char string[6] = {'A','B','C','D','E'};
或
char string1[5] = "ABCD";

EX:

char string2[2][6] = { {'A','B','C','D','E'},
                       {'F','G','H','I','J'} };
或
char string3[2][5] = {"ABCD","FGHI"};

EX:

char g[2][5] = {"ABC","FGHI"};

變數名稱    g[0][0]   g[0][1]   g[0][2]   g[0][3]   g[0][4]
 資料         A          B         C        \0       ???        

變數名稱    g[1][0]   g[1][1]   g[1][2]   g[1][3]   g[1][4]
 資料          F         G         H        I         \0

EX:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    char stars[6][80] = { "Robert Redford",
	                  "Hopalong Cassidy",
	                  "Lassie",
	                  "Slim Pickens",
	                  "Boris Karloff",
	                  "Oliver Hardy"
                        };
    int dice = 0;
    cout << endl
         << " Pick a lucky star!"
   	         << " Enter a number between 1 and 6: ";
    cin >> dice;

    if (dice >= 1 && dice <= 6)    // Check input validity

        cout << endl                   // Output star name
             << "Your lucky star is " << stars[dice - 1];

    else

    cout << endl                  // Invalid input
             << "Sorry, you haven't got a lucky star.";

        cout << endl;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

變數的家(位址)

程式中宣告變數後,記憶體中會配置一塊區域,儲存該變數資料 每一塊記憶體區域都有各自的編號,稱之為位址 欲取得某變數記憶體空間的位址時,需使用取址運算子 "&", 語法如下:

&變數名稱
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