Linked Open Data: Digital collections

SunoikisisDC Digital Approaches to Cultural Heritage: Session 9

Date: Thursday March 14, 2024. 16:00-17:30 GMT.

Convenors: Paula Granados García (Endangered Material Knowledge Programme), Vera Moitinho de Almeida (CODA, University of Porto)

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/QF71MT_thJo

Slides: Combined slides (PDF)

Outline

This session introduces the concept of the Semantic Web and Linked Open Data Technologies (LOD) and its application to cultural heritage data as a way to interconnect, analyse and share digital collections. We discuss a series of resources that draw on these technologies and present a number of case studies to explore the research and dissemination value of LOD. We then introduce a freeware and open-source web-based tool called OpenRefine to clean and reconcile datasets.

Required readings

• Zuiderwijk, A., Jeffery, K., & Janssen, M. (2012). "The Potential of Metadata for Linked Open Data and its Value for Users and Publishers." JeDEM - EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government 4(2), 222-244. Available: https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v4i2.138.
• Hugh A. Cayless. 2019. "Sustaining Linked Ancient World Data." In ed. Monica Berti, Digital Classical Philology: Ancient Greek and Latin in the Digital Revolution. De Gruyter Saur. Available: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110599572-004.

Further readings

• F. Bauer & M. Kaltenböck. 2012. Linked Open Data: The Essentials. Available: https://semantic-web.com/LOD-TheEssentials.pdf.
• Paul Dilley, Ryan Horne & Sarah Bond (edd). 2020. Linked Ancient World Data: Practical Introductions. ISAW Papers 20. Available: http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/20/
• Thomas Elliott, Sebastian Heath & John Muccigrosso (edd). 2014. Current Practice in Linked Open Data for the Ancient World, edited by ISAW Papers 7. Available: http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/7/
• A. Freitas, E. Curry, J.G. Oliveira & S. O’Riain. 2012. "Querying Heterogeneous Datasets on the Linked Data Web: Challenges, Approaches, and Trends", IEEE Internet Computing 16 (1): 24–33. Available: http://www.edwardcurry.org/publications/freitas_IC_12.pdf
• Gill, T. (2004). Building semantic bridges between museums, libraries and archives: The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. First Monday 9(5). Available: https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v9i5.1145.
• T. Heath and C. Bizer. 2011. Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space, in: J. Hendler and F. van Harmelen (eds.), Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology. Morgan & Claypool.
• S. von Hooland and R. Verborgh. 2014. Linked Data for Libraries, Archives and Museums. How to clean, link and publish your metadata. London. Facet Publishing.
• Alison Hitchens (2015). "What is #LODLAM?! Understanding Linked Open Data in Libraries, Archives [and Museums]" (Presentation slides). UWSpace. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/12052.
• P. Jain, P. Hitzler, P.Z. Yeh, K. Verma and A.P. Sheth. 2010. "Linked Data Is Merely More Data," in: D. Brickley, V.K. Chaudhri, H. Halpin, and D. McGuinness, Linked Data Meets Artificial Intelligence. Technical Report SS-10-07, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California: 82–86. Available: https://web.archive.org/web/20120809091450/http:/knoesis.wright.edu/library/publications/linkedai2010_submission_13.pdf.
• Palladino, Chiara; Bergman, James; Trammell, Caroline; Mixon, Eleanor; Fulford, Rebecca. 2019. "Using Linked Open Data to Navigate the Past: An Experiment in Teaching Archaeology." Available: https://doi.org/10.34894/PMZCUB.
• Sarah Wild. 2024. "Millions of research papers at risk of disappearing from the Internet." Nature 4 March 2024. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00616-5.
• Wilkinson, M., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. et al (2016). “The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship”. Scientific Data 3:160018. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18.

Resources

• Berners-Lee, Tim, Linked Data, 2006: https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
• Blaney, J. (2017) "Introduction to the Principles of Linked Open Data," Programming Historian. http://programminghistorian.org/lessons/intro-to-linked-data
• Scottish Accused Witches
• Linked Jazz
• OpenRefine
  • User Manual
  • Video Tutorials
• Verborgh, R., De Wilde, M. (2013). Using OpenRefine. Birmingham-Mumbai: Packt Publishing. (The book is styled on a Cookbook, containing recipes - combined with free datasets – from data analysis and error fixing to linking your dataset to the Web. No prior knowledge of OpenRefine is required, as it starts from the very beginning and gradually reveals more advanced features)
• WikiProjects
• WikiProjects/List
• WikiProject Archaeology
• FISH Archaeological Objects Thesaurus IDs

Exercise

Following the instructions in the video and slideshow:

1. Download and install OpenRefine. When you run the programme, a browser window will open.
2. Download this sample dataset as CSV. Import the file into OpenRefine.
3. Clean & transform the data for analysis
4. Undo/Redo & using operations templates
5. Reconcile & match data
6. Export data for further analysis or visualisation