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What is the BIOS?

The BIOS is the Basic Input Output System that allows the operating system to be booted when the system gets booted up. In conjunction with the CMOS it can also be adjusted to user preferences by altering settings

Use analogies from your previous background to explain what happens during the booting process?

So the booting process is like going to field training while in the military. The BIOS is pretty much you getting suited up and loading up in vehicles as you move to your destination. Booting up the operating system is like arriving in the field and getting everything set up so that way when you are ready to work, everything that you have is ready for you for when you do any exercises

What is the “Power On Self Test”?

The Power On Self Test (POST) is a test that the BIOS does to check that all the hardware components that you need to interact with is powered on and functioning properly.

What is the CMOS?

The Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) is the flashed ROM memory have the user's BIOS settings and various other data that is needed to be able to boot the operating system.

What is the CMOS battery?

The CMOS battery is the electrical storage that is used to preserve the user settings in the flash ROM of the CMOS and can power it up.

Things that I would like to know more about

I would like to learn more about how hardware more interacts with each other.

Source: Howtogeek - What is BIOS