Gathering Pertinent Information:

1.Missile launcher:

In modern language, a missile, also known as a guided missile, is a guided self-propelled system, as opposed to an unguided self-propelled munition, referred to as a rocket (although these too can also be guided). Missiles have four system components: targeting or missile guidance, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles come in types adapted for different purposes: surface-to-surface and air-to-surface missiles (ballistic, cruise, anti-ship, anti-tank, etc.), surface-to-air missiles (and anti-ballistic), air-to-air missiles, and anti-satellite weapons. All known existing missiles are designed to be propelled during powered flight by chemical reactions inside a rocket engine, jet engine, or other type of engine.[citation needed] Non-self-propelled airborne explosive devices are generally referred to as shells and usually have a shorter range than missiles. In ordinary British-English usage predating guided weapons, a missile is such as objects thrown at players by rowdy spectators at a sporting even

2. Targeting:

Targeting is the process of selecting objects or installations to be attacked, taken, or destroyed in war field. Targeting systematically analyses and prioritizes targets and matches appropriate lethal and nonlethal actions to those targets to create specific desired effects that achieve the objectives , accounting for operational requirements and capabilities. Deliberate targeting prosecutes anticipated or known targets within a given operational area and timeframe. Dynamic targeting prosecutes targets that were not included in the deliberate targeting process, possibly because they were not known or not initially selected for prosecution. Dynamic targeting is normally employed in current operations planning because the nature and time frame associated with current operations typically requires more immediate responsiveness compared to deliberate targeting.

Figure 2:Target set missile launcher

3. Missile guidance:

Figure 3:Aphetor-missile guiders The most common method of guidance is to use some form of radiation, such as infrared, lasers or radio waves, to guide the missile onto its target. This radiation may emanate from the target (such as the heat of an engine or the radio waves from an enemy radar), it may be provided by the missile itself (such as a radar), or it may be provided by a friendly third party (such as the radar of the launch vehicle/platform, or a laser designator operated by friendly infantry). The first two are often known as fire-and-forget as they need no further support or control from the launch vehicle/platform in order to function. Another method is to use a TV guidance, with a visible light or infrared picture produced in order to see the target. The picture may be used either by a human operator who steering the missile onto its target or by a computer doing much the same job. One of the more bizarre guidance methods instead used a pigeon to steer a missile to its target. Some missiles also have a home-on-jam capability to guide itself to a radar-emitting source. Many missiles use a combination of two or more of the methods to improve accuracy and the chances of a successful engagement In every Go-Onto-Target system there are three subsystems: • Target tracker • Missile tracker • Guidance computer The way these three subsystems are distributed between the missile and the launcher result in two different categories: • Remote Control Guidance: The guidance computer is on the launcher. The target tracker is also placed on the launching platform. • Homing Guidance: The guidance computers are in the missile and in the target tracker. Remote control guidance[edit] These guidance systems usually need the use of radars and a radio or wired link between the control point and the missile; in other words, the trajectory is controlled with the information transmitted via radio or wire (see Wire-guided missile). These systems include: • Command guidance - The missile tracker is on the launching platform. These missiles are totally controlled by the launching platform that sends all control orders to the missile. The 2 variants are • Command to Line-Of-Sight (CLOS) • Command Off Line-Of-Sight (COLOS) • Line-Of-Sight Beam Riding Guidance (LOSBR) - The target tracker is on board the missile. The missile already has some orientation capability meant for flying inside the beam that the launching platform is using to illuminate the target. It can be manual or automatic.

4.Methods of Targeting:

Both target tracking and missile tracking and control are performed manually. The operator watches the missile flight, and uses a signaling system to command the missile back into the straight line between operator and target (the "line of sight") Another method is to target the missile by knowing the location of the target and using a guidance system such as INS, TERCOM or satellite guidance. This guidance system guides the missile by knowing the missile's current position and the position of the target, and then calculating a course between them. This job can also be performed somewhat crudely by a human operator who can see the target and the missile and guide it using either cable- or radio-based remote control, or by an automatic system that can simultaneously track the target and the missile. Furthermore, some missiles use initial targeting, sending them to a target area, where they will switch to primary targeting, using either radar or IR targeting to acquire the target.

5. Automated missile launcher:

Figure 5:Automatic missile launcher with UDM RAD Automatic missile launcher sets missile to correct launching angle before it is actually launched (fired).In actual automatic missile launcher system, the position of missile (means launching angle) is first set and then missile is fired so as it will hit the targetAs the name suggests, this is a demonstration of one military application in which the system automatically launches a missile when any object is detected and it comes within the range. In the actual system, there is microwave RADAR that detects any object and immediately fires the missile to shoot the target. Here in given system, it uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect any object. The sensor scans complete 360o circle by rotating continuously and when it detects any object that is within 2 feet (60 cm) range, it launches the missile. It is built using an AT89C51 microcontroller. It also uses LCD to display a different message as well as the distance of an object.

Figure 6:UDM Radar 6. All Terrain movable:

       The device is designed in such way that it is capable of moving on all terrains. Terrain is militarily critical because it determines the ability of armed forces to take and hold areas, and move troops and material into and through areas. An understanding of terrain is basic to both defensive and offensive strategy.

Figure 7:Missile tank In the above existing model they have done that, the missile tank is will move on all tarren .And the upper missile shooter will move 360 degree area.

7.Trajectory Optimization:

Figure 9:Surface to air missile system Trajectory optimization is the process of designing a trajectory that minimizes (or maximizes) some measure of performance while satisfying a set of constraints. Generally speaking, trajectory optimization is a technique for computing an open-loop solution to an optimal control problem. It is often used for systems where computing the full closed-loop solution is either impossible or impractical. Although the idea of trajectory optimization has been around for hundreds of years (calculus of variations, brachystochrone problem), it only became practical for real-world problems with the advent of the computer. Many of the original applications of trajectory optimization were in the aerospace industry, computing rocket and missile launch trajectories. More recently, trajectory optimization has also been used in a wide variety of industrial process and robotics applications.

8.Engine:

Figure 10:Solid rocket motor Missiles are powered by an engine, generally either a type of rocket engine or jet engine. Rockets are generally of the solid propellant type for ease of maintenance and fast deployment, although some larger ballistic missiles use liquid-propellant rockets. Jet engines are generally used in cruise missiles, most commonly of the turbojet type, due to its relative simplicity and low frontal area. Turbofans and ramjets are the only other common forms of jet engine propulsion, although any type of engine could theoretically be used. Long-range missiles may have multiple engine stages, particularly in those launched from the surface. These stages may all be of similar types or may include a mix of engine types − for example, surface-launched cruise missiles often have a rocket booster for launching and a jet engine for sustained flight. Some missiles may have additional propulsion from another source at launch; for example, the V1 was launched by a catapult, and the MGM-51 Shillelagh was fired out of a tank gun (using a smaller charge than would be used for a shell).

9.Shoulder-fired:

Figure 11:Shoulder fired missile The rocket launchers category includes shoulder-fired weapons, any weapon that fires a rocket-propelled projectile at a target yet is small enough to be carried by a single person and fired while held on one's shoulder. Depending on the country or region, people might use the terms "bazooka" or "RPG" as generalized terms to refer to such weapons, both of which are in fact specific types of rocket launchers. The bazooka is an American anti-tank weapon which was in service in 1942–1957, while the RPG is a Soviet anti-tank weapon. A smaller variation is the gyrojet, a small arms rocket launcher with ammunition slightly larger than that of a .45-caliber pistol. Recoilless rifles are sometimes confused with rocket launchers. A recoilless rifle launches its projectile using an explosive powder charge, not a rocket engine, though some such systems have sustainer rocker motors.

10.Rocket pod:

Figure 12:Su-20 aircraft with UB-32 rocket pods, each carrying thirty two S-5 rockets A rocket pod is a launcher that contains several unguided rockets held in individual tubes, designed to be used by attack aircraft or attack helicopters for close air support. In many cases, rocket pods are streamlined to reduce aerodynamic drag. The first pods were developed immediately after World War II, as an improvement over the previous arrangement of firing rockets from rails, racks or tubes fixed under the wings of aircraft. Early examples of pod-launched rockets were the US Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket and the French SNEB.[8]

11.Vertical Launching system:

Figure 13:Vertical missile launching system

A vertical launching system (VLS) is an advanced system for holding and firing missiles on mobile naval platforms, such as surface ships and submarines. Each vertical launch system consists of a number of cells, which can hold one or more missiles ready for firing. Typically, each cell can hold a number of different types of missiles, allowing the ship flexibility to load the best set for any given mission. Further, when new missiles are developed, they are typically fitted to the existing vertical launch systems of that nation, allowing existing ships to use new types of missiles without expensive rework. When the command is given, the missile flies straight up long enough to clear the cell and the ship, and then turns on course.

12.Hot launch and cold launch:

Figure 14:Diagram depicting a hot launch from a Mark 41 VLS A vertical launch system can be either hot launch, where the missile ignites in the cell, or cold launch, where the missile is expelled by gas produced by a gas generator which is not part of the missile itself, and then the missile ignites. "Cold" means relatively cold compared with rocket engine exhaust. A hot launch system does not require an ejection mechanism, but does require some way of disposing of the missile's exhaust and heat as it leaves the cell. If the missile ignites in a cell without an ejection mechanism, the cell must withstand the tremendous heat generated without igniting the missiles in the adjacent cells. An advantage of a hot-launch system is that the missile propels itself out of the launching cell using its own engine, which eliminates the need for a separate system to eject the missile from the launching tube. This potentially makes a hot-launch system relatively light, small, and economical to develop and produce, particularly when designed around smaller missiles. A potential disadvantage is that a malfunctioning missile could destroy the launch tube. The advantage of the cold-launch system is in its safety: should a missile engine malfunction during launch, the cold-launch system can eject the missile thereby reducing or eliminating the threat. For this reason, Russian VLSs are often designed with a slant so that a malfunctioning missile will land in the water instead of on the ship's deck. As missile size grows, the benefits of ejection launching increase. Above a certain size, a missile booster cannot be safely ignited within the confines of a ship's hull. Most modern ICBMs and SLBMs are cold-launched.

13.Terrestrial guidance:

Figure 15:: TERCOM and TERCOM § DSMAC TERCOM, for "terrain contour matching", uses altitude maps of the strip of land from the launch site to the target, and compares them with information from a radar altimeter on board. More sophisticated TERCOM systems allow the missile to fly a complex route over a full 3D map, instead of flying directly to the target. TERCOM is the typical system for cruise missile guidance, but is being supplanted by GPS systems and by DSMAC, Digital Scene-Matching Area Correlator, which employs a camera to view an area of land, digitizes the view, and compares it to stored scenes in an onboard computer to guide the missile to its target. DSMAC is reputed to be so lacking in robustness that destruction of prominent buildings marked in the system's internal map (such as by a preceding cruise missile) upsets its navigation.[5] Missile loader manipulator positioning technology based on visual guidance Missile transport process should ensure the safety of people and equipment, etc. In view of the traditional missile loader using artificial manipulation of hydraulic manipulator to achieve the missile capture which caused the problem with lower efficiency and big risk, the manipulator positioning technology based on visual guidance was been discussed out. Firstly, two group of binocular camera with clinching a deal the gesture was fixed under the manipulator and been calibrated. Then the special target fixed on the missile was real-time calculated to get the three-dimensional point data. After that, the target data by getting was transformed to many degrees of freedom motion parameters to achieve the real-time transfer. And finally the automatic capture of missile was finished. Laboratory verifies that the accuracy is higher than 0.1mm by using the above visual positioning technology. Real experiment proves that the method in the case of ensuring the safety of the missile can quickly and effectively realize the missile automatic capture. 14.Ultrasonic Missile Launcher:

Figure 16:Ultra sonic missile launcher.

       Abstract Ultrasonic radar with USB missile launcher is used for tracking system in navigation side. Radar is an electromagnetic system for the detection and location of reflecting different objects. It operates by radiating energy into space and detecting the echo signal reflected from an object or target. In this project, we will use ultrasonic sensor (SFR). If any obstacle comes into the range, missile will be launched and target the obstacle.  This picture shows the finished radar. The stepper motor turns the ultrasonic range finder 360 degrees and back (to prevent winding up the cables). After each step the range finder is activated and the distance is measured (see SRF04 datasheet about how to do this). When two measurements have been made the PIC sends the data (including stepper position and distance) to the PC using an asynchronous interrupt transfer. Within the PIC a timer is responsible for stepping the motor not too fast.  This is the stepper control board based on the circuit above, seen from the top (non copper side).  The application automatically subtracts the adjusted "Detection tolerance" from the distance of the detected environment to set the targeting range. This is the area in which targets are detected. Now you press "Arm" to activate the launcher and the detection algorithm. As there is no possibility to find out into which direction the launcher is turned, the application simply instructs the launcher to turn to the left for a certain number of seconds. As this is enough for the launcher to turn around completely the application now "knows" the launcher's position. Of course once in the beginning it has to be adjusted manually according to the radar position.