Problem Definition - S-Div-OddSem-2026-27/Repo-2 GitHub Wiki

Objective

The main objective of the project is to design and develop a simple, compact, low-cost, and autonomous Light Chaser Bot that can detect and follow a light source. The bot should provide reliable light detection, proper directional movement, easy assembly, safe operation, and stable performance while remaining within the specified size and budget.

Constraints

The Light Chaser Bot should have an approximate size of 1 ft × 1 ft × 1 ft and should operate on a smooth and flat surface. The estimated budget should not exceed ₹1,600. The bot should be suitable for indoor demonstration and should be capable of detecting a suitable light source from approximately 1–3 m.

Functions

The bot should detect a light source and identify its direction. It should move towards the side where it detects more light. When the light source is approximately in front of the bot, it should move forward towards it. When sufficient light is not detected, the bot should stop or remain stationary. The bot should also respond to changes in the direction of the light source and adjust its movement accordingly.

Problem Definition

The problem is to design and develop a compact, low-cost, autonomous Light Chaser Bot that can detect a light source and automatically move towards it. The bot should be easy to assemble, safe to operate, stable during movement, and suitable for indoor demonstration and educational purposes. The design should satisfy the specified requirements related to size, operating surface, light detection distance, and budget.

System Overview

The Light Chaser Bot works by detecting light from different directions and deciding which direction to move. The sensing system provides information about the light, the ESP32 processes this information and decides the required movement, and the movement system drives the bot in the selected direction.

The basic working sequence is:

Light Source → Light Detection → ESP32 → Movement Control → Bot Movement

When more light is detected on the left side, the bot turns towards the left. When more light is detected on the right side, the bot turns towards the right. When the light is approximately in front of the bot, it moves forward. When sufficient light is not detected, the bot stops or remains stationary.

Question–Answer and Requirement Check

The following questions are used to check the important requirements of the Light Chaser Bot. Each question is classified as a Function, Constraint or Objective depending on what it represents.

|---:|---|---|:---:|:---:|:---:|

| 1 | What is the main aim of the Light Chaser Bot? | To move towards a light source. | No | No | Yes |

| 2 | Which sensor is used to detect light? | LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). | Yes | No | No |

| 3 | How many LDRs can be used in a simple bot? | Two LDRs can be used. | Yes | No | No |

| 4 | What does the bot detect? | The intensity and direction of light. | Yes | No | No |

| 5 | Should the bot be easy to assemble? | Yes, it should have a simple and practical design. | No | Yes | No |

| 6 | Why should the bot be small in size? | To keep it compact and easy to handle. | No | Yes | No |

| 7 | What provides power to the bot? | A battery. | No | Yes | No |

| 8 | What is the role of Arduino? | It processes the LDR readings and controls the motors. | Yes | No | No |

| 9 | What type of surface should the bot preferably operate on? | A smooth and relatively flat surface. | No | Yes | No |

| 10 | What is the main purpose of the control system? | To guide the bot towards the light source. | Yes | No | Yes |

| 11 | What type of motors are used? | DC geared motors. | Yes | No | No |

| 12 | What controls the motors? | A motor driver controlled by Arduino. | Yes | No | No |

| 13 | What should be the approximate bot size? | Around 20 × 15 × 10 cm. | No | Yes | No |

| 14 | What should be the maximum weight? | Preferably less than 1 kg. | No | Yes | No |

| 15 | What should be the approximate bot speed? | Around 0.1–0.2 m/s. | No | Yes | No |

| 16 | What battery voltage can be used? | Approximately 7.4 V. | No | Yes | No |

| 17 | What type of surface should the bot operate on? | Smooth and flat surface. | No | Yes | No |

| 18 | What is the approximate light detection distance? | Around 1–3 m, depending on the light source. | Yes | Yes | No |

| 19 | What should the bot do in low or no light? | Stop or remain idle. | Yes | No | No |

| 20 | What happens when one LDR receives more light? | The bot turns towards the brighter side. | Yes | No | Yes |

| 21 | What is the purpose of using two LDRs? | To compare light intensity from both sides. | Yes | No | No |

| 22 | What happens when both LDRs receive approximately equal light? | The bot moves approximately straight. | Yes | No | Yes |

| 23 | How does the bot decide which direction to turn? | It compares the readings of the two LDRs. | Yes | No | No |

| 24 | What is the working principle of an LDR? | Its resistance changes according to the amount of light falling on it. | Yes | No | No |

| 25 | What type of controller can be used? | Arduino Uno. | Yes | No | No |

| 26 | Why is a motor driver required? | To control the motors and provide the required current. | Yes | Yes | No |

| 27 | How many wheels can the bot have? | Two driven wheels and one support wheel. | No | Yes | No |

| 28 | What is used to support the bot? | A lightweight chassis. | No | Yes | No |

| 29 | What material can be used for the chassis? | Acrylic sheet or lightweight plastic. | No | Yes | No |

| 30 | What is the approximate chassis size? | About 20 × 15 cm. | No | Yes | No |