INTRODUCTION

A Scribble Bot is a simple, creative robot that combines engineering, electronics, and art to produce unique drawings. It is typically built using basic components such as a small DC motor, battery, markers, and a lightweight body. When powered, the motor creates vibrations through an off-center weight attached to its shaft, causing the robot to move unpredictably across a surface while the markers draw colorful patterns.

Scribble Bots are widely used in STEM and STEAM education because they provide a hands-on way to explore concepts such as electrical circuits, energy conversion, vibration, motion, and robotics. Despite their simple design, they demonstrate how mechanical and electrical systems work together to create movement. Students can experiment with different marker placements, weights, and body designs to observe how these changes affect the robot's behavior and drawing patterns.

This project focuses on gathering and analyzing pertinent information related to Scribble Bots, including their working principles, required components, design considerations, existing solutions, and educational applications. By studying the Scribble Bot, learners gain practical knowledge of robotics while developing creativity, problem-solving skills, and an understanding of the engineering design process.

Table 1. Information Collected by Various Sources

Sl. No	Components or Parts Used (Electronic)	Components or Parts Used (Mechanical)	Mechanism / Principle Identified	Reference / Source
1	DC Motor	2-Wheel Drive Chassis	Differential wheel-based movement	https://www.instructables.com
2	DC Motor	3-Wheel Drive Chassis	Stable movement with support wheel	https://www.sciencebuddies.org
3	Gear Motor	4-Wheel Drive Chassis	Increased traction and stability	https://www.instructables.com
4	Servo Motor	Single Wheel Mechanism	Controlled directional movement	https://www.arduino.cc
5	Battery Pack	Fixed Pen Holder	Continuous drawing with fixed pen position	https://www.science-sparks.com
6	Rechargeable Battery	Spring Pen Holder	Maintains contact with drawing surface	https://www.instructables.com
7	USB Power Supply	Clamp Pen Holder	Easy replacement of drawing tools	https://www.youtube.com
8	Adapter Supply	Adjustable Pen Holder	Allows different pen sizes and heights	https://www.sciencebuddies.org
9	Arduino Uno	Cardboard Body	Basic programmable Scribble Bot structure	https://www.arduino.cc
10	ESP32	Acrylic Sheet Body	Wireless control and lightweight construction	https://www.espressif.com
11	Remote Controller Module	Plastic Body	Remote-controlled drawing robot	https://www.instructables.com
12	Solar Panel	Wooden Sheet Body	Solar-powered robotic drawing system	https://www.sciencedirect.com
13	DC Motor	Circular Drawing Mechanism	Produces circular scribble patterns	https://www.science-sparks.com
14	Gear Motor	Random Drawing Mechanism	Generates random artistic patterns	https://www.sciencebuddies.org
15	Servo Motor	Zig-Zag Motion System	Controlled zig-zag drawing	https://www.arduino.cc
16	ESP32 + Stepper Motor	Programmable Drawing System	Creates predefined and programmable patterns	https://www.espressif.com

2.. Components & Sub-components Required

Component	Type	Working Principle / Construction / Interaction
DC Motor (3V-6V)	Electronics - Actuator	Converts electrical energy from the battery into rotational motion. An off-center weight attached to the motor shaft generates vibrations, causing the Scribble Bot to move and draw patterns.
Battery (AA/9V/Rechargable)	Electronics - Power Source	Supplies electrical energy to the motor. The battery completes the circuit and enables continuous operation of the Scribble Bot.
Battery Holder	Electronics - Support Component	Securely holds the battery and provides electrical connections between the battery and motor.
Switch (Optional)	Electronics - Control Component	Used to turn the Scribble Bot ON and OFF without disconnecting the battery. Improves usability and safety.
Connecting Wires	Electronics - Interconnection	Transfers electrical current from the battery to the motor, completing the circuit required for operation.
ESP32 / Arduino (Optional Advanced Version)	Electronics - Controller	Enables programmable movement patterns, wireless control, and integration of additional sensors in advanced Scribble Bot designs.
Vibrating Weight (Glue Stick / Cork / Binder Clip)	Mechanical - Motion Generator	Attached off-center to the motor shaft. Produces imbalance during rotation, generating vibration which creates random movement.
Plastic Cup / Acrylic Base	Mechanical - Main Body	Serves as the chassis of the robot. Supports the motor, battery, and markers while keeping the system lightweight.
Marker Pens (3 or 4)	Mechanical - Drawing Component	Act as both legs and drawing tools. The markers support the robot and simultaneously create patterns on paper.
Adjustable Pen Holder	Mechanical - Drawing Support	Holds markers firmly and allows adjustment of marker height and position for different drawing styles.
Tape / Hot Glue	Mechanical - Fastening Component	Used to assemble and secure components including motor, battery holder, and markers to the robot body.
Wheels (Optional)	Mechanical - Movement Component	Can be added in advanced Scribble Bot designs to create controlled movement instead of vibration-based motion.
Cardboard / Acrylic Sheet	Mechanical - Structural Component	Alternative materials for constructing a rigid and durable robot body.
Drawing Surface (Paper Sheet)	Interaction Component	Receives the motion generated by the robot and records the resulting patterns and artwork.
User Interaction	Human-Machine Interaction	The user starts the robot, places it on paper, observes the drawing patterns, and modifies parameters such as pen placement, weight position, or motor speed.

Working Principle of Scribble Bot

1. The battery supplies electrical power to the DC motor.
2. The DC motor rotates an off-center weight attached to its shaft.
3. The imbalance created by the weight generates vibrations.
4. These vibrations cause the Scribble Bot to move in random directions.
5. The markers attached to the body act as legs and draw patterns on paper.
6. Variations in marker positions, weight placement, motor speed, and body design produce different drawing patterns.