PROCESSING MACHINE

INTRODUCTION

A thresher machine or a thresher is a piece of farm equipment that threshes grains and removes the seeds from the stalks and husks. It does so by beating the plants to make the seeds fall out.Before such machines were developed, threshing was done by humans such as winnowing, sieving, filtration, evaporation, distillation, sedimentation, separating funnel method etc,which would consume time and takes about one quater of agricultural labours.

The other existing machines to solve this problem are thresher machine, Combine harvester machine,maize crop thresher,axil flow paddy thresher,pedal operated paddy thresher,maize sheller etc. So threshing machine is the best solution for thhis problem.

IMPORTANCE OF THRESHER MACHINE

• Threshing is the process of loosening the edible part of grains from the straw to which it is attached.It is the step in grain preparation after reaping.Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain.
• Thresher include less physical labour and more efficiency. Less seed breaking is also a benefit of using a thresher as opposed to stomping or beating grains. However ,more breakage can occur it is not used properly.
• A threshing machine or thresher is a piece of farm equipments and threshes grain; removes the seeds from the stalks and husks. Mechanization of this process removed a substantial amount of drudgery from farm labor.
• The new machines allowed big farmers to clear large forests,break up the soil,remove the grass and prepare the land for cuitivation. with power driven machinery, man could plough seed and harvest 2000 to 4000 acres of wheat in a season.
• The USA became one of the largest producers and exporters of wheat in the world.

PRINCIPLE OF THRESHING MACHINE

The threshing mechanism, which separates the grain from the stalks, consists mainly of a revolving cylinder and the concaves. A feeder beater is usually located in front of the cylinder and at the upper end of the elevator-feeder to assist the elevator-feeder in feeding the grain to the threshing mechanism. Most threshers are provided with the rasp-bar type cylinder and concaves. The grain is rubbed from the stems without materially cutting the straw. Tooth-type cylinder and concaves are available on some combines. Adjustments are provided for varying the speed of the cylinder to suit the kind of crop being harvested. V belt variable-speed drives are used on most combines. The straw is thrown back onto the separating mechanism, while the grain falls through the concaves onto a grain pan or grain carrier and is conveyed to the cleaning mechanism.

Table 1.Information collected by various sources.

SI.NO	COMPONENTS OR PARTS USED	MECHANISM/WORKING PRINCIPLE	LINKS OF WEBSITES OF COMPONENTS USED
01.	Convyer Belt	For transformation of grains	https://www.iqsdirectory.com/articles/conveyor-belts/rubber-conveyor-belt-material.jpg
02.	Loop type	Removes grains from harvested crops	https://images.app.goo.gl/QmwpjUEDSqTQVgC27
03.	knob Control	To control speed of machine	https://images.app.goo.gl/r7P1EWaXwxz48xkRA
04.	Adapter	To provide power sources	https://images.app.goo.gl/585NXSGmjYvXKeRJ8
05.	Sensor	For signal process completion	https://images.app.goo.gl/9U9DiLaqRrhGD2pL9
06.	Square mesh screens	To remove waste from produced grains	https://images.app.goo.gl/rbgTpHZ1i4Vzysii9
07.	Stepper motor	To run the conveyer belt	https://images.app.goo.gl/ejGT2cb1aErU8XGv7
08.	Triangular plow	To pick crops	https://images.app.goo.gl/FwoZqDUb3Tmdk5vk6

     1.1 THRESING MACHINE

         1.2 MECHANISM

COMPONENTS

01.SENSORS

responds to some type of input from the physical environment. The input can be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure or any number of other environmental phenomena. The output is generally a signal that is converted to a human-readable display at the sensor location or transmitted electronically over a network for reading or further processing. Here in thresing machine we use sensor to alter the process completion via through blinking of LED light.

02.MOTORS

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates with a reversed flow of power, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy Here motors in our thresing machine are used to run the convyer belt and thresing cylinders.

03.THRESHING CYLINDERS

Threshing cylinders are used as a grain Remover device.they are used in separation of grains from harvested crops.Threshing cylinder has two chaff-cutter type blades and beaters. Chaff-cutter blades cut the crop into pieces and beater helps to detach grain from crop. All the threshed materials pass through the concave where it is subjected to aspiration action of blower.Their are different types of thresing cylinders such as, 1.Peg type 2.Lool type 3.Angle bar type 4.Hammer mill type 5.Rasp bar type 6.Spike tooth cylinder

BOOKS

BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

1.Author name:Trevor Gregory Title of book: Threshing machine Date of publication:Oct 11

2.Author name:George white and sons company Title of book:White thresing machine Date of publication:1928

3.Author name: Advanced thresher company Title of book:the a thresing machinery Date of publication:4 Jun 2013 Length:46 pages

4.Author name:Alan king Title of book:Thresh6 mach6 data type book no.3 Date of publication:1918-1959.