1.5 Install and properly terminate various cable types and connectors using appropriate tools - Paiet/Tech-Journal-for-Everything GitHub Wiki
1.5 Install and properly terminate various cable types and connectors using appropriate tools
- Copper connectors
- RJ-11
- 4 wires, 2 pairs
- Standard telephone cable connector
- RJ-45
- 8 wires, 4 pairs
- Standard network cable connector
- RJ-48C
- T1 connection standard
- Uses pins 1,2,4,5
- DB-9/RS-232
- Serial connection
- 9 pin connector
- Male and female connectors
- DB-25
- Serial/Parallel connection
- 25 pin connector
- UTP coupler
- Device used to connect UTP cables for extending the length of the cable
- BNC coupler
- Device used to connect coaxial cables for extending the length of the cable
- BNC
- Barrel Nut Connector, British Naval Connector, Bayonet-Neill-Concelmen
- Coaxial cable connector
- Push and twist locking mechanism
- F-connector
- Coaxial cable connector
- Threaded mechanism
- 110 block
- Punch down block for terminating network connections in a centralized location
- Has 110 connections
- 66 block
- Punch down block for terminating network connections in a centralized location
- Has 66 connections
- Copper cables
- Shielded vs unshielded
- Shielded cable
- Commonly called STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
- Protects the signal from outside interference by surrounding it with a shielding material
- Costs more than UTP
- Unshielded cable
- Commonly called UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
- Has no protection from interference
- Lower costs
- Still reliable
- CAT3, CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, CAT6a
- CAT3 (10 Mbps Ethernet) Legacy wiring for legacy network devices
- CAT5 (100 Mbps Fast Ethernet) Still found, but becoming legacy
- CAT5e (1 Gbps Ethernet) Standard wiring
- CAT6 (1 Gbps Ethernet) Higher resistance to EMI/RFI than CAT5e
- CAT6a (10 Gigabit Ethernet) Used as network backbone connection
- PVC vs plenum
- PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
- Cheap and flexible
- Emits noxious/poisonous gas when burned
- Can act as a wick and carry fire from one floor or room to another
- Plenum
- Tightly wrapped outer covering which keeps the wick effect from carrying fire to other floors or rooms
- Does not give off noxious fumes
- RG-59
- Low cost coaxial cable used for low power video applications
- 6mm diameter
- 75 ohms (Resistance)
- RG-6
- Coaxial cable
- 75 ohms (Resistance)
- Straight-through vs. crossover vs. rollover
- Straight-Through
- Used to connect unlike devices
- Computer -> Hub
- Computer -> Switch
- Also referred to as a Patch Cable
- Conforms to the 568A or 568B standard
- Crossover
- Used for connecting like devices
- Computer -> Computer
- Switch -> Switch
- Connects pin 1 to 3 and pin 2 to 6
- Rollover
- Used to connect to the console port of a router
- Connects pins to opposite pin
- i.e. 1 to 8, 2 to 7, 3 to 6, etc...
- Usually has RJ45 connectors on both ends
- This will require an RS-232 serial adapter for one end
1.5 Install and properly terminate various cable types and connectors using appropriate tools Pt2
- Fiber connectors
- ST
- Straight Tip
- Used for multimode fiber
- Has a bayonet lock connector like BNC
- SC
- Square Connector, Subscriber Connector, Standard Connector
- Has a square shaped connector that usually snaps or clips into place
- Sometimes seen in connected pairs called SC-DC (Dual Contact)
- Used in Singlemode fiber
- LC
- Local Connector, Little Connector (Lucent Connector)
- Singlemode or Multimode fiber
- 1/2 the size of SC or ST
- RJ45 type latch
- MTRJ
- Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack
- aka Fiber Jack
- Used with multimode fiber
- Contains 2 strands of fiber in a compact connector
- FC
- Ferrule Connector
- Heavy duty fiber connector
- Tubular in shape
- Metal or ceramic support
- Fiber coupler
- For devices with multiple fiber input/output fibers
- Fuses the fiber optic cores together into intimate contact allowing the signal to take multiple or different paths
- Fiber cables
- Single mode
- Single mode fiber transmits a single signal down a fiber-optic cable
- Outer diameter of 125 microns
- Inner core diameter of 9 microns
- Uses high intensity LASER
- Usually transmits over hundreds of kilometers
- Multimode
- Multimode fiber has the ability to send multiple signals down a fiber cable
- Outer diameter of 125 microns
- Inner core diameter of 50 or 62.5 microns
- Uses LED
- Increased bandwith
- Decreased distance over single-mode
- Usually < 500meters but is capable of multiple kilometers
- APC vs UPC
- Fiber connector polished finish. Basically how the end is shaped to reduce the back reflection of the light signal which causes signal disruption
- Standard finish is called PC (Physical Contact)
- PC is curved or rounded
- Reduces back reflection to around -40dB
- UPC (Ultra Physical Contact)
- Has a more polished face
- Reduces back reflection to around -55dB
- APC (Angled Physical Contact)
- Polished to a curve @ 8deg angle
- Reduces back reflection to around -70dB
- Used in CATV and analog systems
- Media converters
- Connects networks that are using dissimilar network media
- Technically is a transceiver
- Both transmits and receives signals
- Built into some network appliances
- Single mode fiber to Ethernet
- Multimode fiber to Ethernet
- Fiber to coaxial
- Single mode to multimode fiber
- Tools
- Cable crimpers
- Punch down tool
- Wire strippers
- Snips
- OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer)
- Looks for problems with fiber optic cables
- Faulty splices
- Breaks
- Connector issues
- Bends
- Measures signal attenuation
- Can also measure the length of the cable
- Link to PC Sim for OTDR
- Cable certifier
- Tests cables for a myriad of different issues and measurements
- Shorts in the wire
- Crosstalk
- Tests cable types
- Straight through
- Crossover
- NIC functionality
- Send/Receive
- Duplex (half/full)
- Can be attached to devices
- Types
- Certification Tester
- Checks the cable standard (CAT5e/CAT6)
- Qualification Tester
- Measures network speeds for the type of network (10BaseT, 1000BaseT)
- LAN Tester
- Tests transmission speeds, propagation delay, attenuation
- Network Cable Certifier