1.4 IP Addressing - Paiet/Tech-Journal-for-Everything GitHub Wiki

IPv4 Current Addressing Protocol Used on Internet 32 Bit Address (4,294,967,296 Addresses) (2^32) As of Feb 2012 no more IPv4 addresses in reserve 32 bit Binary address reported in dotted decimal format. Loopback 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 Class A

1.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 00000001 - 01111111 (1st digit 0)

Networks: 126

Hosts per network: 16,777,214

Class B

128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 10000000 - 10111111 (1st 2 digits are 10)

Networks: 16,384

Hosts per network: 65,534

Class C

192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 11000000 - 11011111 (1st 3 digits are 110)

Networks: 2 million+

Hosts per network: 254

Class D (Multicast)

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Subnet Mask: n/a

Networks: n/a

Hosts per network: n/a

Class E (Experimental)

240.0.0.0 -255.255.255.255 Subnet Mask: n/a

Networks: n/a

Hosts per network: n/a

Classless - Disregards the class boundaries Classful - Respects the class boundaries

10.73.1.211 10.73.41.9 255.255.255.0 First Octets A - 0-126 - 0xxxxxxx B - 128-191 - 10xxxxxx C - 192-223 - 110xxxxx 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

RFC 1918 Private Addresses reserved for internal use Not registered with IANA

  • Class A

    10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0

    Networks: 1

    Hosts per network: 16,777,214

  • Class B

    172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 Subnet Mask: 255.240.0.0

    Networks: 16

    Hosts per network: 65,534

  • Class C

    192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0

    Networks: 256

    Hosts per network: 254

  • APIPA

Automatic Private IP Addressing 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 Mask: 255.255.0.0

  • IPv6
    • Future/Current Addresing Protocol Used on the Internet
    • 128 Bit Address (340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 Addresses) (2^128)
    • June 2013 was official switch over date
    • 128 bit Binary address reported in hexadecimal colon format
  • Address:
    • 2001:C0:A8:A0:CAF7:33FF:FE8C:D0D4
    • Variations:

(long form)

2001:00C0:00A8:00A0:CAF7:33FF:FE8C:D0D4

(8 16bit Binary division)

001000000000001:0000000011000000:0000000010101000:0000000001100100:1100101011110111:0011001111111111:1111111010001100:1101000011010100

(Binary)

0010000000000010000000011000000000000001010100000000000011001001100101011110111001100111111111111111110100011001101000011010100

+ Base 10 Mathematics - [0-9]
+ Base 2 Mathematics  - [0-1]
+ Base 16 Mathematics - [0-9,A-F]

  • Special Address Ranges:

    • ::1 - Loopback
    • FE80::/10 - Link-local
    • FC00::/7 - Locally Unique
    • FF00::/8 - Multicast Traffic
    • 2001:db8::/32 - Documentation Example

  • EUI-64

    • Method for automatically obtaining an address
    • Uses the 48 bit MAC address
    • Pads it with FF:FE to increase it to 64 bits First 64 bits are either local (FE80::) or learned from a router