Light Bulbs

Available in Glowstone, Glow Ink, and Amethyst variants. (for Yellow, Blue and Purple colors respectively)
Can be placed on any surface.

Lamps

Available in all 16 colors.
Can be placed on any surface.
By placing lamps on top of each other, you can stack them and make tall lamps!

Paper Lanterns

Available in all 16 colors.
Can be placed on ceilings and floors.

Stone Lanterns

Naturally grows moss over time. Once fully mossed, you can right click with shears to get a moss carpet. (harvesting before full will remove the moss, but won't give the carpet)
You can prevent moss, or lock the current moss state by waxing with Honeycomb, you can unwax by right clicking with an axe.

Additionally, you can alternate having feet/no feet by right clicking with a pickaxe.