IP Lab Introduction - Nifalnasar/Fundamentals-of-Network GitHub Wiki

IPlab 2nd assignment

PING Command:

Ping is a fundamental networking tool that allows users to test connectivity and measure latency between devices on a network. Used for checking for the whether any devices in the network is live and reachable

a. Use ping on google.com and document your results on the output you received. [Find the IP address, Time to live value, and round-trip time value from the results you got].

Ans: Pinging google.com we send 4 packets and get the reply from the google server showing how many packets are send and received.

1 aa

b. By default, ping will send 4 packets to check the details, here you must send 8 packets to check the output over google.com. Explain the purpose of doing it.

Ans: Sending 8 ping packets to google.com

1 b

C. Ping your local host. Explain the purpose of doing it.

Ans: Pinging localhost We ping localhost generally for software testing purpose if pinging localhost fails the firewall blocking ICMP requests.

1 3

Read the Unix manual page for traceroute OR help for tracert. Experiment with the various options. Describe the three things that you found most useful in the result. Answer the following question:

Ans: Trace route commands helpful in finding exact path through which particular request is reaching from source to destination it helps in showing the no of hops and it helps to resolve the hosts find the round trip time etc.

A: Try tracert over google.com

   Ans: Trace route google.com

   ![2 1](https://github.com/Nifalnasar/netwrk/assets/141356053/7501e29b-afcd-4a21-a4d0-d078d7b875a3)
   
    10 hops left to reach google.com

B: Type tracert -d google.com

 Ans: when first run traceroute on google.com
 
       No of hops took reach google.com 10 hops.
 
        ![2 2](https://github.com/Nifalnasar/netwrk/assets/141356053/8b50431e-8b6d-405a-b196-710a98d2a135)

    B.2: Wait for a while and execute the same command again. Is the output the same as the first time? Observe and compare the difference and 
          explain the reason

         Ans: After some time when run trace route we get same hop value.
     
          ![2 3](https://github.com/Nifalnasar/netwrk/assets/141356053/7c5d23fb-20e7-4159-9729-5ed98a7ea373)

You have to read about NETSTAT from the manual page or help, before answering the below questions: a . Use netstat to display information about the routing table.
```
  ![3 a 1](https://github.com/Nifalnasar/netwrk/assets/141356053/4eceb3db-e1c7-4a62-8e1c-34ae1b16cbba)
  
  ![3 a b](https://github.com/Nifalnasar/netwrk/assets/141356053/82e1e960-62f6-4528-af0c-2f0b940ae86e)
```
b. Use netstat to display about ethernet statistics.

What is the purpose of NSLOOKUP? Answer the following questions below:

Ans: NSLOOKUP (Name Server Lookup) is a command-line tool and network utility used to query Domain Name System (DNS) servers to retrieve information about domain names, IP addresses, and various DNS records.

A: Use nslookup to find out the internet address of the domain amrita.edu.
   
  ![4 a 11](https://github.com/Nifalnasar/netwrk/assets/141356053/05293262-ca36-4abd-9c8b-ac2477bdc497)

B: What is the mail exchanger for the domain google.com.
    
    The email exchanger for google.com is smtp.google.com
     
    ![4 2](https://github.com/Nifalnasar/netwrk/assets/141356053/2659e734-08bb-444a-b9f3-68427d127648)

C: What is the name server for amrita.edu.

      I-AM-ELB-01-882940732.ap-south-1.elb.amazonaws.com
    
      ![4 3](https://github.com/Nifalnasar/netwrk/assets/141356053/ce49a840-f4f8-422e-ae5c-f94da7419b8a)

What is ARP and RARP? Answer the following questions below:

ARP, which stands for Address Resolution Protocol, is a networking protocol used to map an IP address to a physical (MAC) address within a local network. It plays a critical role in enabling communication between devices on the same subnet.

RARP, or Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, is an older networking protocol that was used to obtain an IP address based on a known MAC address. Unlike ARP, which maps IP to MAC addresses, RARP maps MAC addresses to IP addresses.

a. Use arp command to find the gateway address and host systems hardware address.

b. How do you find the arp entries for a particular interface?

c. How do delete an ARP entry.

d. How do you add and arp entry in arp cache?