Documentation: index.php - Mash-Coding/alexa-php-framework GitHub Wiki
The index.php is the Alpha and Omega of your whole script, since it will include the autoloader, define an environment and then starts validating and fetching the request, before it prints the response for the sending device.
DEBUG constant
This constant is optional, but in the beginning really helpful. If it's true, the script will, whenever an Exception gets thrown, append a card to the response and set the content to be the Exceptions message and the whole request. With that you can understand better, why the script didn't work or did something wrong. Additionally you can use it anywhere you like in your intent actions.
Request::run()
This method of the Request class provides you with some parameters to change the behaviour of your script, see Request::run() for further details.