1. Gathering Pertinent Information - L-division-2019-2020-Even/Repo-04 GitHub Wiki

Need statement:

Jayanthi electronics is into the business of producing indoor decoratives. Customer survey report of the company shows that people get more attracted towards decoratives that have intricate moving mechanism and display different patterns of light and colour.

Existing solutions to the requirement

1. Capacitive sensitive musical instrument

In electrical engineering, capacitive sensing (sometimes capacitance sensing) is a technology, based on capacitive coupling, that can detect and measure anything that is conductive or has a dielectric different from air. Many types of sensors use capacitive sensing, including sensors to detect and measure proximity, pressure, position and displacement, force, humidity, fluid level, and acceleration. Human interface devices based on capacitive sensing, such as trackpads,[1] can replace the computer mouse. Digital audio players, mobile phones, and tablet computers use capacitive sensing touchscreens as input devices.[2] Capacitive sensors can also replace mechanical buttons. Projected capacitive touch (PCT) technology is a capacitive technology which allows more accurate and flexible operation, by etching the conductive layer. An X-Y grid is formed either by etching one layer to form a grid pattern of electrodes, or by etching two separate, parallel layers of conductive material with perpendicular lines or tracks to form the grid; comparable to the pixel grid found in many liquid crystal displays (LCD).[9]

The greater resolution of PCT allows operation with no direct contact, such that the conducting layers can be coated with further protective insulating layers, and operate even under screen protectors, or behind weather and vandal-proof glass. Because the top layer of a PCT is glass, PCT is a more robust solution versus resistive touch technology. Depending on the implementation, an active or passive stylus can be used instead of or in addition to a finger. This is common with point of sale devices that require signature capture. Gloved fingers may not be sensed, depending on the implementation and gain settings. Conductive smudges and similar interference on the panel surface can interfere with the performance. Such conductive smudges come mostly from sticky or sweaty finger tips, especially in high humidity environments. Collected dust, which adheres to the screen because of moisture from fingertips can also be a problem.

Image courtesy: Mercury13

The laser harp can be done with a microcontroller like arduino to interpret the user information and midi software is used to produce the tone of the instrument. A LDR or photodiode can be used here to recognise light(laser beam) and data could be interpreted by the arduino. Developers have also used an application known has processing. Processing is a flexible software sketchbook and a language for learning how to code within the context of the visual arts. Processing uses the Java language, with additional simplifications such as additional classes and aliased mathematical functions and operations. It also provides a graphical user interface for simplifying the compilation and execution stage. The Processing language and IDE were the precursor to other projects including Arduino, Wiring and p5.js.

Image courtesy: Instructibles circuit

2.Remote Lighting

Image courtesy: svsemebedded

Control or schedule lights to turn on/off at certain times from anywhere in the world has become an easy thing using a standard web browser or smartphone.It was primarily designed for making and receiving calls & text messages, but it has become the whole world after the Smart phone comes into the picture. In this project, we are building a lighting system, where one can control the lights using the simple GSM based phone, just by sending SMS or by calling through the user's phone.The old GSM phone will work to switch ON and OFF the lights from anywhere.

Image courtesy: Probots.co.in

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets. It was first deployed in Finland in December 1991.[2] By the mid-2010s, it became a global standard for mobile communications achieving over 90% market share, and operating in over 193 countries and territories.[3]

2G networks developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks. The GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. This expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuit-switched transport, then by packet data transport via General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). The Node MCU project incorporates firmware with a prototyping board (which in turn has an MCU module board mounted on it). The name "Node MCU" combines "node" and "MCU" (micro-controller unit).[8]. The term "NodeMCU" strictly speaking refers to the firmware and prototyping (development) board rather than the associated software development kits.

Both the firmware and prototyping board design are open source.[9]

The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. The firmware is based on the eLua project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open source projects, such as lua-cjson[10] and SPIFFS.[11] Due to resource constraints, users need to select the modules relevant for their project and build a firmware tailored to their needs. Support for the 32-bit ESP32 has also been implemented.

3. Auto Popper

A party popper is a pyrotechnic device commonly used at parties. It emits a loud popping noise by means of a small friction-actuated explosive charge that is activated by pulling a string.[1] The explosive charge comes from a very small amount of Armstrong's mixture (a highly sensitive explosive) in the neck of the bottle-like shape.[2] In some party poppers the explosive charge is replaced by compressed air. In party poppers with an explosive charge, there are less than 0.25 grains (0.016 g) of explosive. The streamers are non flammable for safe use. The charge or compressed air blows out some confetti or streamers and emits a popping sound. The charge is often composed of red phosphorus and strong oxidizer, such as potassium chlorate and potassium perchlorate.

Mechanism 1 : HC‐05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module,designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup.The HC-05 Bluetooth Module can be used in a Master or Slave configuration, making it a great solution for wireless communication.This serial port bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR Bluecore 04‐External single chip bluetooth system with CMOS technology and with AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature). The Bluetooth module HC-05 is a MASTER/SLAVE module.By default the factory setting is SLAVE.The Role of the module (Master or Slave) can be configured only by AT COMMANDS.The slave modules cannot initiate a connection to another Bluetooth device, but can accept connections.Master module can initiate a connection to other devices.The user can use it simply for a serial port replacement to establish connection between MCU and GPS, PC to your embedded project, etc.

Mechanism 2 : The Traditional birthday popper works on the mechanism of compressed air and when the the compressed air is released it burst's out ,carrying the decorative papers in the air. The compressed air here is acheived by the pump that sucks the outer air and compresses it in a cylinder. The release of the compressed air is controlled from mobile phone via bluetooth.

Mechanism 3: The another way to carry out the popping action is by using actuators to blow the decorative papers in the air. The fan get activated when it gets a signal from the phone via bluetooth.

What all components and sub-components do you feel are needed for your project? List out each components with details you have found out(details can include working principle, constructions, interaction aspects).

Sl.no	Components/parts used	Mechanism/Principle identified	Links
1.	Arduino mega/uno/nano	Its a microcontroller which can be programmed for performing a desired task	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino
2.	Laser Module 650NM 5V	low cost laser module of wavelength 650nm and operating voltage of 5V	https://category.alldatasheet.com/index.jsp?sSearchword=Laser%2520datasheet&gclid=Cj0KCQiAsbrxBRDpARIsAAnnz_MBm648LaT-J6rNHghB9jwHWuRUYHtxRTFxZMC7PUKCjoIrneikce0aAlN7EALw_wcB
3.	LDR	LDR has a variable resistance that changes with the light intensity that falls upon it	https://www.kitronik.co.uk/blog/how-an-ldr-light-dependent-resistor-works/
4.	Photodiode	Its a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current	https://www.elprocus.com/photodiode-working-principle-applications/
5.	hc-05	It is a bluetooth module that connects to arduino and communicate to mobile devices via bluetooth	https://components101.com/wireless/hc-05-bluetooth-module
6.	Foam sheet	foam board, or paper-faced foam board is a lightweight and easily cut material used for many DIY projects	https://www.intechopen.com/books/recent-research-in-polymerization/thermoplastic-foams-processing-manufacturing-and-characterization
7.	Processing application	Its a visual based application that is used in interpret data and play the music tone	http://code.compartmental.net/tools/minim/
8.	Bread board	They are used for creating electrical connections between electronic components and single board computers or microcontrollers such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi	https://www.circuito.io/blog/breadboards/
9.	Strip led	strip led light is a flexible circuit board populated by surface mounted light-emitting diodes used for decorative purpose	https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/connect-led-light-strips-arduino/
10.	GSM module	This module is used to perform remote data transfer like SMS/call	https://www.open-electronics.org/gsm-remote-control-part-4-sim900/

sl.no	Components	cost
1.	Arduino mega 2569 + USB cable	920
2.	Lazer module	100
3.	LDR sensor	100
4.	Foam sheet	200
5.	Lightings	400
6.	balloons	100
7.	HC-05 bluetooth module	350
8.	GSM module	800
	Total cost	2970

Video reference of DIY project previously made: