Raid can achieve 2 things, It can store data in multiple places, and it can protect that data if one of the drives happens to fail.
To my research, Raid 5, 6 and Raid 10 are better for protecting data. They allow for high volume storage with more fault tolerance drives, allowing for more drives to fail before the data might be affected.
Generally the raids that increase performance are raids 0 and 1. They are very basic, but provide faster speeds than normal. Some high end RAID can offer more performance if there are lots of disks installed.
Fault Tolerance is the number of drive failures that can happen without affecting the data. If your raid setup gives you 2 Fault Tolerance, that means 2 drives will fail without losing anything.