Vector in C STL - JohnHau/mis GitHub Wiki

Vectors are same as dynamic arrays with the ability to resize itself automatically when an element is inserted or deleted, with their storage being handled automatically by the container. Vector elements are placed in contiguous storage so that they can be accessed and traversed using iterators. In vectors, data is inserted at the end. Inserting at the end takes differential time, as sometimes there may be a need of extending the array. Removing the last element takes only constant time because no resizing happens. Inserting and erasing at the beginning or in the middle is linear in time.

Certain functions associated with the vector are: Iterators

begin() – Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the vector end() – Returns an iterator pointing to the theoretical element that follows the last element in the vector rbegin() – Returns a reverse iterator pointing to the last element in the vector (reverse beginning). It moves from last to first element rend() – Returns a reverse iterator pointing to the theoretical element preceding the first element in the vector (considered as reverse end) cbegin() – Returns a constant iterator pointing to the first element in the vector. cend() – Returns a constant iterator pointing to the theoretical element that follows the last element in the vector. crbegin() – Returns a constant reverse iterator pointing to the last element in the vector (reverse beginning). It moves from last to first element crend() – Returns a constant reverse iterator pointing to the theoretical element preceding the first element in the vector (considered as reverse end)

// C++ program to illustrate the // iterators in vector #include #include

using namespace std;

int main() { vector g1;

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
    g1.push_back(i);

cout << "Output of begin and end: ";
for (auto i = g1.begin(); i != g1.end(); ++i)
    cout << *i << " ";

cout << "\nOutput of cbegin and cend: ";
for (auto i = g1.cbegin(); i != g1.cend(); ++i)
    cout << *i << " ";

cout << "\nOutput of rbegin and rend: ";
for (auto ir = g1.rbegin(); ir != g1.rend(); ++ir)
    cout << *ir << " ";

cout << "\nOutput of crbegin and crend : ";
for (auto ir = g1.crbegin(); ir != g1.crend(); ++ir)
    cout << *ir << " ";

return 0;

} Output: Output of begin and end: 1 2 3 4 5 Output of cbegin and cend: 1 2 3 4 5 Output of rbegin and rend: 5 4 3 2 1 Output of crbegin and crend : 5 4 3 2 1 Capacity

size() – Returns the number of elements in the vector. max_size() – Returns the maximum number of elements that the vector can hold. capacity() – Returns the size of the storage space currently allocated to the vector expressed as number of elements. resize(n) – Resizes the container so that it contains ‘n’ elements. empty() – Returns whether the container is empty. shrink_to_fit() – Reduces the capacity of the container to fit its size and destroys all elements beyond the capacity. reserve() – Requests that the vector capacity be at least enough to contain n elements.

// C++ program to illustrate the // capacity function in vector #include #include

using namespace std;

int main() { vector g1;

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
    g1.push_back(i);

cout << "Size : " << g1.size();
cout << "\nCapacity : " << g1.capacity();
cout << "\nMax_Size : " << g1.max_size();

// resizes the vector size to 4
g1.resize(4);

// prints the vector size after resize()
cout << "\nSize : " << g1.size();

// checks if the vector is empty or not
if (g1.empty() == false)
    cout << "\nVector is not empty";
else
    cout << "\nVector is empty";

// Shrinks the vector
g1.shrink_to_fit();
cout << "\nVector elements are: ";
for (auto it = g1.begin(); it != g1.end(); it++)
    cout << *it << " ";

return 0;

} Output: Size : 5 Capacity : 8 Max_Size : 4611686018427387903 Size : 4 Vector is not empty Vector elements are: 1 2 3 4 Element access:

reference operator [g] – Returns a reference to the element at position ‘g’ in the vector at(g) – Returns a reference to the element at position ‘g’ in the vector front() – Returns a reference to the first element in the vector back() – Returns a reference to the last element in the vector data() – Returns a direct pointer to the memory array used internally by the vector to store its owned elements.

// C++ program to illustrate the // element accesser in vector #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;

int main() { vector g1;

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
    g1.push_back(i * 10);

cout << "\nReference operator [g] : g1[2] = " << g1[2];

cout << "\nat : g1.at(4) = " << g1.at(4);

cout << "\nfront() : g1.front() = " << g1.front();

cout << "\nback() : g1.back() = " << g1.back();

// pointer to the first element
int* pos = g1.data();

cout << "\nThe first element is " << *pos;
return 0;

} Output: Reference operator [g] : g1[2] = 30 at : g1.at(4) = 50 front() : g1.front() = 10 back() : g1.back() = 100 The first element is 10 Modifiers:

assign() – It assigns new value to the vector elements by replacing old ones push_back() – It push the elements into a vector from the back pop_back() – It is used to pop or remove elements from a vector from the back. insert() – It inserts new elements before the element at the specified position erase() – It is used to remove elements from a container from the specified position or range. swap() – It is used to swap the contents of one vector with another vector of same type. Sizes may differ. clear() – It is used to remove all the elements of the vector container emplace() – It extends the container by inserting new element at position emplace_back() – It is used to insert a new element into the vector container, the new element is added to the end of the vector .

// C++ program to illustrate the // Modifiers in vector #include <bits/stdc++.h> #include using namespace std;

int main() { // Assign vector vector v;

// fill the array with 10 five times
v.assign(5, 10);

cout << "The vector elements are: ";
for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
    cout << v[i] << " ";

// inserts 15 to the last position
v.push_back(15);
int n = v.size();
cout << "\nThe last element is: " << v[n - 1];

// removes last element
v.pop_back();

// prints the vector
cout << "\nThe vector elements are: ";
for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
    cout << v[i] << " ";

// inserts 5 at the beginning
v.insert(v.begin(), 5);

cout << "\nThe first element is: " << v[0];

// removes the first element
v.erase(v.begin());

cout << "\nThe first element is: " << v[0];

// inserts at the beginning
v.emplace(v.begin(), 5);
cout << "\nThe first element is: " << v[0];

// Inserts 20 at the end
v.emplace_back(20);
n = v.size();
cout << "\nThe last element is: " << v[n - 1];

// erases the vector
v.clear();
cout << "\nVector size after erase(): " << v.size();

// two vector to perform swap
vector<int> v1, v2;
v1.push_back(1);
v1.push_back(2);
v2.push_back(3);
v2.push_back(4);

cout << "\n\nVector 1: ";
for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++)
    cout << v1[i] << " ";

cout << "\nVector 2: ";
for (int i = 0; i < v2.size(); i++)
    cout << v2[i] << " ";

// Swaps v1 and v2
v1.swap(v2);

cout << "\nAfter Swap \nVector 1: ";
for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++)
    cout << v1[i] << " ";

cout << "\nVector 2: ";
for (int i = 0; i < v2.size(); i++)
    cout << v2[i] << " ";

} Output: The vector elements are: 10 10 10 10 10 The last element is: 15 The vector elements are: 10 10 10 10 10 The first element is: 5 The first element is: 10 The first element is: 5 The last element is: 20 Vector size after erase(): 0

Vector 1: 1 2 Vector 2: 3 4 After Swap Vector 1: 3 4 Vector 2: 1 2 All Vector Functions :

vector::begin() and vector::end() vector rbegin() and rend() vector::cbegin() and vector::cend() vector::crend() and vector::crbegin() vector::assign() vector::at() vector::back() vector::capacity() vector::clear() vector::push_back() vector::pop_back() vector::empty() vector::erase() vector::size() vector::swap() vector::reserve() vector::resize() vector::shrink_to_fit() vector::operator= vector::operator[] vector::front() vector::data() vector::emplace_back() vector::emplace() vector::max_size() vector::insert()

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