VIM Reference Card - JohnHau/mis GitHub Wiki

In the following N is used to indicate an optional count that can be given before the command.

1 -- Left-right motions

N h left (also: CTRL-H, , or key) N l right (also: or key) 0 to first character in the line (also: key) ^ to first non-blank character in the line N $ to the last character in the line (N-1 lines lower) (also: key) N g0 to first character in screen line (differs from "0" when lines wrap) N g^ to first non-blank character in screen line (differs from "^" when lines wrap) N g$ to last character in screen line (differs from "$" when lines wrap) N | to column N (default: 1) N f to the Nth occurrence of to the right N F to the Nth occurrence of to the left N t till before the Nth occurrence of to the right N T till before the Nth occurrence of to the left N ; repeat the last "f", "F", "t", or "T" N times N , repeat the last "f", "F", "t", or "T" N times in opposite direction

2 -- Up-down motions

N k up N lines (also: CTRL-P and ) N j down N lines (also: CTRL-J, CTRL-N, , and ) N - up N lines, on the first non-blank character N + down N lines, on the first non-blank character (also: CTRL-M and ) N _ down N-1 lines, on the first non-blank character N G goto line N (default: last line), on the first non-blank character N gg goto line N (default: first line), on the first non-blank character N % goto line N percentage down in the file. N must be given, otherwise it is the % command. N gk up N screen lines (differs from "k" when line wraps) N gj down N screen lines (differs from "j" when line wraps)

3 -- Text object motions

N w N words forward N W N blank-separated WORDS forward N e forward to the end of the Nth word N E forward to the end of the Nth blank-separated WORD N b N words backward N B N blank-separated WORDS backward N ge backward to the end of the Nth word N gE backward to the end of the Nth blank-separated WORD

N ) N sentences forward N ( N sentences backward N } N paragraphs forward N { N paragraphs backward N ]] N sections forward, at start of section N [[ N sections backward, at start of section N ][ N sections forward, at end of section N [] N sections backward, at end of section N [( N times back to unclosed '(' N [{ N times back to unclosed '{' N ]) N times forward to unclosed ')' N ]} N times forward to unclosed '}' N [# N times back to unclosed "#if" or "#else" N ]# N times forward to unclosed "#else" or "#endif" N [* N times back to start of comment "/" N ] N times forward to end of comment "*/"

4 -- Pattern searches

N /{pattern}[/[offset]] search forward for the Nth occurrence of {pattern} N ?{pattern}[?[offset]] search backward for the Nth occurrence of {pattern} N / repeat last search, in the forward direction N ? repeat last search, in the backward direction N n repeat last search N N repeat last search, in opposite direction N * search forward for the identifier under the cursor N # search backward for the identifier under the cursor N g* like "*", but also find partial matches N g# like "#", but also find partial matches gd goto local declaration of identifier under the cursor gD goto global declaration of identifier under the cursor

5 -- Regular expression search pattern Value of magic option --------------------- meaning magic nomagic

       matches any single character      .            \.
              matches start of line      ^            ^
                matches end of line      $            $
              matches start of word      \<           \<
                matches end of word      \>           \>

matches a single char from the range [a-z] [a-z] matches a single char not in the range [^a-z] [^a-z] matches an identifier char \i \i idem but excluding digits \I \I matches a keyword character \k \k idem but excluding digits \K \K matches a filename character \f \f idem but excluding digits \F \F matches a printable character \p \p idem but excluding digits \P \P

                      matches <Esc>      \e           \e
                      matches <Tab>      \t           \t
                       matches <CR>      \r           \r
                       matches <BS>      \b           \b

matches 0 or more of the preceding atom * * matches 1 or more of the preceding atom + + matches 0 or 1 of the preceding atom = = separates two branches | | group a pattern into an atom () ()

6 -- Offsets after search command

[num] [num] lines downwards, in column 1 +[num] [num] lines downwards, in column 1 -[num] [num] lines upwards, in column 1 e[+num] [num] characters to the right of the end of the match e[-num] [num] characters to the left of the end of the match s[+num] [num] characters to the right of the start of the match s[-num] [num] characters to the left of the start of the match b[+num] [num] characters to the right of the start (begin) of the match b[-num] [num] characters to the left of the start (begin) of the match ;{search command} execute {search command} next

Examples: pattern cursor position

/test/+1 one line below "test", in column 1 /test/e on the last t of "test" /test/s+2 on the 's' of "test" /test/b-3 three characters before "test"

7 -- Marks and motions

m mark current position with mark <a-z> go to mark <a-z> within current file go to mark in any file <0-9> go to the position where Vim was last exited `` go to the position before the last jump " go to the position when last editing this file [ go to the start of the previously operated or put text ] go to the end of the previously operated or put text < go to the start of the (previous) Visual area > go to the end of the (previous) Visual area '<a-zA-Z0-9[]'"<>> same as `, but on the first non-blank in the line :marks print the active marks N CTRL-O go to Nth older position in jump list N CTRL-I go to Nth newer position in jump list :ju[mps] print the jump list

8 -- Various motions

% find the next brace, bracket, comment, or "#if"/ "#else"/"#endif" in this line and go to its match N H go to the Nth line in the window, on the first non-blank M go to the middle line in the window, on the first non-blank N L go to the Nth line from the bottom, on the first non-blank

9 -- Using tags

:ta[g][!] {tag} Jump to tag {tag} :[count]ta[g][!] Jump to [count]'th newer tag in tag list CTRL-] Jump to the tag under cursor, unless changes have been made N CTRL-T Jump back from Nth older tag in tag list :[count]po[p][!] Jump back from [count]'th older tag in tag list :tags Print tag list

10 -- Scrolling

N CTRL-E window N lines downwards (default: 1) N CTRL-D window N lines Downwards (default: 1/2 window) N CTRL-F window N pages Forwards (downwards) N CTRL-Y window N lines upwards (default: 1) N CTRL-U window N lines Upwards (default: 1/2 window) N CTRL-B window N pages Backwards (upwards) z or zt redraw, current line at top of window z. or zz redraw, current line at center of window z- or zb redraw, current line at bottom of window

N zh scroll screen N characters to the right N zl scroll screen N characters to the left

11 -- Inserting text

N a append text after the cursor (N times) N A append text at the end of the line (N times) N i insert text before the cursor (N times) (also: ) N I insert text before the first non-blank in the line (N times) N gI insert text in column 1 (N times) N o open a new line below the current line, append text (N times) N O open a new line above the current line, append text (N times)

12 -- Keys in Insert mode

char action in Insert mode

end Insert mode, back to Normal mode CTRL-C like , but do not do an abbreviation CTRL-A insert previously inserted text CTRL-@ insert previously inserted text and stop insert CTRL-R <0-9a-z%:.-"> insert contents of register <0-9a-z%:.-"> or or CTRL-M or CTRL-J begin new line CTRL-E insert the character from below the cursor CTRL-Y insert the character from above the cursor CTRL-V .. insert character literally, or enter decimal byte value CTRL-N insert next match of identifier before the cursor CTRL-P insert previous match of identifier before the cursor CTRL-X ... complete the word before the cursor in various ways or CTRL-H delete the character before the cursor delete the character under the cursor CTRL-W delete word before the cursor CTRL-U delete all entered characters in the current line CTRL-T insert one shiftwidth of indent in front of the current line CTRL-D delete one shiftwidth of indent in front of the current line 0 CTRL-D delete all indent in the current line ^ CTRL-D delete all indent in the current line, restore indent in next line CTRL-K {char1} {char2} enter digraph {char1} {char2} enter digraph if 'digraph' option set CTRL-B toggle 'revins' (reverse insert) option

13 -- Special keys in Insert mode

cursor keys move cursor left/right/up/down shift-left/right one word left/right shift-up/down one screenful backward/forward CTRL-O {command} execute {command} cursor after last character in the line cursor to first character in the line

14 -- Digraphs

:dig[raphs] show current list of digraphs :dig[raphs] {char1}{char2} {number} ... add digraph(s) to the list

15 -- Special inserts

:r [file] insert the contents of [file] below the cursor :r! {command} insert the standard output of {command} below the cursor

16 -- Deleting text

N x delete N characters under and after the cursor N delete N characters under and after the cursor N X delete N characters before the cursor N d{motion} delete the text that is moved over with {motion} {visual}d delete the highlighted text N dd delete N lines N D delete to end-of-line (and N-1 more lines) N J join N-1 lines (delete newlines) {visual}J join the highlighted lines :[range]d [x] delete [range] lines [into register x]

17 -- Copying and moving text

" use register for the next delete, yank, or put :reg show the contents of all registers :reg {arg} show the contents of registers mentioned in {arg} N y{motion} yank the text moved over with {motion} {visual}y yank the highlighted text N yy yank N lines N Y yank N lines N p put a register after the cursor position (N times) N P put a register before the cursor position (N times) N ]p like p, but adjust indent to current line N [p like P, but adjust indent to current line

18 -- Changing text

N R enter Replace mode (repeat the entered text N times) N c{motion} change the text that is moved over with {motion} {visual}c change the highlighted text N cc change N lines N S change N lines N C change to end-of-line (and N-1 more lines) N s change N characters N r replace N characters with

N ~ switch case for N characters and advance cursor {visual}~ switch case for highlighted text {visual}u make highlighted text lowercase {visual}U make highlighted text uppercase g~{motion} switch case for the text that is moved over with {motion} gu{motion} make the text that is moved over with {motion} lowercase gU{motion} make the text that is moved over with {motion} uppercase

N CTRL-A add N to the number at or after the cursor N CTRL-X subtract N from the number at or after the cursor

N <{motion} move the lines that are moved over with {motion} one shiftwidth left N << move N lines one shiftwidth left N >{motion} move the lines that are moved over with {motion} one shiftwidth right N >> move N lines one shiftwidth right N gq{motion} format the lines that are moved over with {motion} to 'textwidth' length :[range]ce[nter] [width] center the lines in [range] :[range]le[ft] [indent] left-align the lines in [range] [with indent] :[range]ri[ght] [width] right-align the lines in [range]

19 -- Complex changes

N !{motion}{command} filter the lines that are moved over through {command} N !!{command} filter N lines through {command} {visual}!{command} filter the highlighted lines through {command} :[range]! {command} filter [range] lines through {command} N ={motion} filter the lines that are moved over through "indent" N == filter N lines through "indent" {visual}= filter the highlighted lines through "indent" :[range]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[g][c] substitute {pattern} by {string} in [range] lines; with [g], replace all occurrences of {pattern}; with [c], confirm each replacement :[range]s[ubstitute] [g][c] repeat previous ":s" with new range and options & Repeat previous ":s" on current line without options :[range]ret[ab][!] [tabstop] set 'tabstop' to new value and adjust white space accordingly

20 -- Visual mode

v start highlighting characters } move cursor and use V start highlighting linewise } operator to affect CTRL-V start highlighting blockwise } highlighted text o exchange cursor position with start of highlighting gv start highlighting on previous visual area v highlight characters or stop highlighting V highlight linewise or stop highlighting CTRL-V highlight blockwise or stop highlighting

21 -- Text objects Used only in Visual mode or after an operator

a Select current word A Select current WORD s Select current sentence p Select current paragraph S Select current block (from "[(" to "])") P Select current block (from "[{" to "]}")

22 -- Repeating commands

N . repeat last change (with count replaced with N) q record typed characters into register q record typed characters, appended to register q stop recording N @ execute the contents of register (N times) N @@ repeat previous @ (N times) :@ execute the contents of register as an Ex command :@@ repeat previous :@ :[range]g[lobal]/{pattern}/[cmd] Execute Ex command [cmd] (default: ":p") on the lines within [range] where {pattern} matches. :[range]g[lobal]!/{pattern}/[cmd] or :[range]v/{pattern}/[cmd] Execute Ex command [cmd] (default: ":p") on the lines within [range] where {pattern} does NOT match. Examples: :%g/^a/-1join join lines starting with character 'a' to previous line :%g/^ *$/d delete empty lines :%v/vim/m 1 move lines not matching the word 'vim' to line 1 :%g/^a/+1d delete lines after the ones starting with character 'a'

:so[urce] {file} Read Ex commands from {file}. :so[urce]! {file} Read Vim commands from {file}. :sl[eep] [N] don't do anything for N seconds N gs Goto Sleep for N seconds

23 -- Key mapping

:ma[p] {lhs} {rhs} Map {lhs} to {rhs} in Normal and Visual mode. :ma[p]! {lhs} {rhs} Map {lhs} to {rhs} in Insert and Command-line mode. :no[remap][!] {lhs} {rhs} Same as ":map", no remapping for this {rhs} :unm[ap] {lhs} Remove the mapping of {lhs} for Normal and Visual mode. :unm[ap]! {lhs} Remove the mapping of {lhs} for Insert and Command-line mode. :ma[p] [lhs] List mappings (starting with [lhs]) for Normal and Visual mode. :ma[p]! [lhs] List mappings (starting with [lhs]) for Insert and Command-line mode. :cmap/:cunmap/:cnoremap like ":map!"/":unmap!"/":noremap!" but for Command-line mode only :imap/:iunmap/:inoremap like ":map!"/":unmap!"/":noremap!" but for Insert mode only :nmap/:nunmap/:nnoremap like ":map"/":unmap"/":noremap" but for Normal mode only :vmap/:vunmap/:vnoremap like ":map"/":unmap"/":noremap" but for Visual mode only :mk[exrc][!] [file] write current mappings, abbreviations, and settings to [file] (default: ".exrc"; use ! to overwrite) :mkv[imrc][!] [file] same as ":mkexrc", but with default ".vimrc" :mapc[lear] remove mappings for Normal and Visual mode :mapc[lear]! remove mappings for Insert and Cmdline mode :imapc[lear] remove mappings for Insert mode :vmapc[lear] remove mappings for Visual mode :nmapc[lear] remove mappings for Normal mode :cmapc[lear] remove mappings for Cmdline mode

24 -- Abbreviations

:ab[breviate] {lhs} {rhs} add abbreviation for {lhs} to {rhs} :ab[breviate] {lhs} show abbr's that start with {lhs} :ab[breviate] show all abbreviations :una[bbreviate] {lhs} remove abbreviation for {lhs} :norea[bbrev] [lhs] [rhs] like ":ab", but don't remap [rhs] :iab/:iunab/:inoreab like ":ab", but only for Insert mode :cab/:cunab/:cnoreab like ":ab", but only for Command-line mode :abc[lear] remove all abbreviations :cabc[lear] remove all abbr's for Cmdline mode :iabc[lear] remove all abbr's for Insert mode

25 -- Options

:se[t] Show all modified options. :se[t] all Show all options. :se[t] {option} Set toggle option on, show string or number option. :se[t] no{option} Set toggle option off. :se[t] inv{option} invert toggle option. :se[t] {option}={value} Set string or number option to {value}. :se[t] {option}? Show value of {option}. :se[t] {option}& Reset {option} to its default value.

:fix[del] Set value of 't_kD' according to value of 't_kb'.

26 -- Options Overview

name short name explanation

aleph al ASCII code of the letter Aleph (RIGHTLEFT) autoindent ai take indent for new line from previous line autowrite aw automatically write file if changed backspace bs how backspace works at start of line backup bk keep backup file after overwriting a file backupdir bdir list of directories for the backup file backupext bex extension used for the backup file binary bin edit binary file mode bioskey biosk MS-DOS: use bios calls for input characters breakat brk characters that may cause a line break cindent cin do C program indenting cinkeys cink keys that trigger indent when 'cindent' is set cinoptions cino how to do indenting when 'cindent' is set cinwords cinw words where 'si' and 'cin' add an indent cmdheight ch number of lines to use for the command-line columns co number of columns in the display comments com patterns that can start a comment line compatible cp behave Vi-compatibly as much as possible cpoptions cpo flags for Vi-compatible behaviour define def pattern to be used to find a macro definition dictionary dict list of filenames used for keyword completion digraph dg enable the entering of digraphs in Insert mode directory dir list of directory names for the swapfile edcompatible ed toggle flags of ":substitute" command endofline eol write end-of-line for last line in file equalalways ea windows are automatically made the same size equalprg ep external program to use for "=" command errorbells eb ring the bell for error messages errorfile ef name of the error file for the QuickFix mode errorformat efm description of the lines in the error file esckeys ek recognize function keys in Insert mode expandtab et use spaces when is inserted exrc read .vimrc and .exrc in the current directory formatoptions fo how automatic formatting is to be done formatprg fp name of external program used with "gq" command gdefault gd the ":substitute" flag 'g' is default on guifont gfn GUI: Name(s) of font(s) to be used guioptions go GUI: Which components and options are used guipty GUI: try to use a pseudo-tty for ":!" commands helpfile hf name of this help file helpheight hh minimum height of a new help window hidden hid don't unload buffer when it is abandoned highlight hl sets highlighting mode for various occasions history hi number of command-lines that are remembered hkmap hk Hebrew keyboard mapping (RIGHTLEFT) icon set icon of the window to the name of the file ignorecase ic ignore case in search patterns include inc pattern to be used to find an include file incsearch is highlight match while typing search pattern infercase inf adjust case of match for keyword completion insertmode im start the edit of a file in Insert mode isfname isf characters included in filenames and pathnames isident isi characters included in identifiers isprint isp printable characters iskeyword isk characters included in keywords joinspaces js two spaces after a period with a join command keywordprg kp program to use for the "K" command langmap lmap alphabetic characters for other language mode laststatus ls tells when last window has status lines linebreak lbr wrap long lines at a blank lines number of lines in the display lisp automatic indenting for Lisp list show and end-of-line magic changes special characters in search patterns makeprg mp program to use for the ":make" command maxmapdepth mmd maximum recursive depth for mapping maxmem mm maximum memory (in Kbyte) used for one buffer maxmemtot mmt maximum memory (in Kbyte) used for all buffers modeline ml recognize modelines at start or end of file modelines mls number of lines checked for modelines modified mod buffer has been modified more pause listings when the whole screen is filled mouse enable the use of mouse clicks mousetime mouset max time between mouse double-click number nu print the line number in front of each line paragraphs para nroff macros that separate paragraphs paste allow pasting text patchmode pm keep the oldest version of a file path pa list of directories searched with "gf" et.al. readonly ro disallow writing the buffer remap allow mappings to work recursively report threshold for reporting nr. of lines changed restorescreen rs Win32: restore screen when exiting revins ri inserting characters will work backwards rightleft rl window is right-to-left oriented (RIGHTLEFT) ruler ru show cursor line and column in the status line scroll scr lines to scroll with CTRL-U and CTRL-D scrolljump sj minimum number of lines to scroll scrolloff so minimum nr. of lines above and below cursor sections sect nroff macros that separate sections secure secure mode for reading .vimrc in current dir shell sh name of shell to use for external commands shellcmdflag shcf flag to shell to execute one command shellpipe sp string to put output of ":make" in error file shellquote shq quote character(s) for around shell command shellredir srr string to put output of filter in a temp file shelltype st Amiga: influences how to use a shell shiftround sr round indent to multiple of shiftwidth shiftwidth sw number of spaces to use for (auto)indent step shortmess shm list of flags, reduce length of messages shortname sn non-MS-DOS: File names assumed to be 8.3 chars showbreak sbr string to use at the start of wrapped lines showcmd sc show (partial) command in status line showmatch sm briefly jump to matching bracket if insert one showmode smd message on status line to show current mode sidescroll ss minimum number of columns to scroll horizontal smartcase scs no ignore case when pattern has uppercase smartindent si smart autoindenting for C programs. For perl script editing set this option and the following key mapping: inoremap # x# smarttab sta use 'shiftwidth' when inserting splitbelow sb new window from split is below the current one startofline sol commands move cursor to first blank in line suffixes su suffixes that are ignored with multiple match swapsync sws how to sync swapfile tabstop ts number of spaces that in file uses taglength tl number of significant characters for a tag tagrelative tr filenames in tag file are relative tags tag list of filenames used by the tag command term name of the terminal terse shorten some messages textauto ta set 'textmode' automatically when reading file textmode tx lines are separated by textwidth tw maximum width of text that is being inserted tildeop top tilde command "~" behaves like an operator timeout to time out on mappings and key codes ttimeout time out on mappings timeoutlen tm time out time in milliseconds ttimeoutlen ttm time out time for key codes in milliseconds title set title of window to the name of the file ttybuiltin tbi use built-in termcap before external termcap ttyfast tf indicates a fast terminal connection ttyscroll tsl maximum number of lines for a scroll ttytype tty alias for 'term' undolevels ul maximum number of changes that can be undone updatecount uc after this many characters flush swapfile updatetime ut after this many milliseconds flush swapfile viminfo vi use .viminfo file upon startup and exiting visualbell vb use visual bell instead of beeping warn warn for shell command when buffer was changed weirdinvert wi for terminals that have weird inversion method whichwrap ww allow specified keys to cross line boundaries wildchar wc command-line character for wildcard expansion winheight wh minimum number of lines for the current window wrap long lines wrap and continue on the next line wrapmargin wm chars from the right where wrapping starts wrapscan ws searches wrap around the end of the file writeany wa write to file with no need for "!" override writebackup wb make a backup before overwriting a file writedelay wd delay this many msec for each char (for debug)

27 -- Undo/Redo commands

N u undo last N changes N CTRL-R redo last N undone changes U restore last changed line

28 -- External commands

:sh[ell] start a shell :!{command} execute {command} with a shell K lookup keyword under the cursor with 'keywordprg' program (default: "man")

29 -- Quickfix commands

:cc [nr] display error [nr] (default is the same again) :cn display the next error :cp display the previous error :cl list all errors :cf read errors from the file 'errorfile' :cq quit without writing and return error code (to the compiler) :make [args] start make, read errors, and jump to first error

30 -- Various commands

CTRL-L Clear and redraw the screen. CTRL-G show current file name (with path) and cursor position ga show ascii value of character under cursor in decimal, hex, and octal g CTRL-G show cursor column, line, and character position CTRL-C during searches: interrupt the search CTRL-BREAK MS-DOS: during searches: interrupt the search while entering a count: delete last character :ve[rsion] show exact version number of this Vim :mode N MS-DOS: set screen mode to N (number, C80, C4350, etc.) :norm[al][!] {commands} Execute Normal mode commands.

31 -- Command-line editing

abandon command-line (if 'wildchar' is , type it twice)

CTRL-V {char} insert {char} literally CTRL-V {number} enter decimal value of character (up to three digits) CTRL-K {char1} {char2} enter digraph CTRL-R <0-9a-z"%:-> insert contents of register <0-9a-z"%:->

/ cursor left/right / cursor one word left/right CTRL-B/CTRL-E cursor to beginning/end of command-line

delete the character in front of the cursor delete the character under the cursor CTRL-W delete the word in front of the cursor CTRL-U remove all characters

/ recall older/newer command-line that starts with current command / recall older/newer command-line from history

32 -- Command Line Completion

'wildchar' (default: ) do completion on the pattern in front of the cursor. If there are multiple matches, beep and show the first one; further 'wildchar' will show the next ones. CTRL-D list all names that match the pattern in front of the cursor CTRL-A insert all names that match pattern in front of cursor CTRL-L insert longest common part of names that match pattern CTRL-N after 'wildchar' with multiple matches: go to next match CTRL-P after 'wildchar' with multiple matches: go to previous match

33 -- Ex ranges

, separates two line numbers ; idem, set cursor to the first line number before interpreting the second one

{number} an absolute line number . the current line $ the last line in the file % equal to 1,$ (the entire file)

•           equal to '<,'> (visual area)
  

't position of mark t /{pattern}[/] the next line where {pattern} matches ?{pattern}[?] the previous line where {pattern} matches

+[num] add [num] to the preceding line number (default: 1) -[num] subtract [num] from the preceding line number (default: 1)

34 -- Special Ex characters

| separates two commands (not for ":global" and ":!") " begins comment

% current filename (only where filename is expected) #[number] alternate filename [number] (only where filename is expected) Note: The next four are typed literally; these are not special keys! word under the cursor (only where filename is expected) WORD under the cursor (only where filename is expected) file name under the cursor (only where filename is expected) file name for autocommand (only where filename is expected)

After "%", "#", "", or "" :p full path :h head :t tail :r root :e extension

35 -- Editing a file

:e[dit] Edit the current file, unless changes have been made. :e[dit]! Edit the current file always. Discard any changes. :e[dit] {file} Edit {file}, unless changes have been made. :e[dit]! {file} Edit {file} always. Discard any changes. N CTRL-^ Edit alternate file N (equivalent to ":e #N"). gf or ]f Edit the file whose name is under the cursor :pwd Print the current directory name. :cd [path] Change the current directory to [path]. :f[ile] Print the current filename and the cursor position. :f[ile] {name} Set the current filename to {name}. :files Show alternate filenames.

36 -- Using the argument list

:ar[gs] Print the argument list, with the current file in "[]". :all or :sall Open a window for every file in the arg list. :wn[ext][!] Write file and edit next file. :wn[ext][!] {file} Write to {file} and edit next file, unless {file} exists. With !, overwrite existing file. :wN[ext][!] [file] Write file and edit previous file.

in current window in new window :argu[ment] N :sar[gument] N Edit file N :n[ext] :sn[ext] Edit next file :n[ext] {arglist} :sn[ext] {arglist} define new arg list and edit first file :N[ext] :sN[ext] Edit previous file :rew[ind][!] :srew[ind] Edit first file :last :slast Edit last file

37 -- Writing and quitting

:[range]w[rite][!] Write to the current file. :[range]w[rite] {file} Write to {file}, unless it already exists. :[range]w[rite]! {file} Write to {file}. Overwrite an existing file. :[range]w[rite][!] >> Append to the current file. :[range]w[rite][!] >> {file} Append to {file}. :[range]w[rite] !{cmd} Execute {cmd} with [range] lines as standard input. :wall[!] write all changed buffers

:q[uit] Quit current buffer, unless changes have been made. Exit Vim when there are no other non-help buffers :q[uit]! Quit current buffer always, discard any changes. Exit Vim when there are no other non-help buffers :qall Exit Vim, unless changes have been made. :qall! Exit Vim always, discard any changes. :cq Quit without writing and return error code.

:wq[!] Write the current file and exit. :wq[!] {file} Write to {file} and exit. :x[it][!] [file] Like ":wq" but write only when changes have been made ZZ Same as ":x". ZQ Same as ":q!". :xall[!] or :wqall[!] Write all changed buffers and exit

:st[op][!] Suspend VIM or start new shell. If 'aw' option is set and [!] not given write the buffer. CTRL-Z Same as ":stop!"

38 -- Starting VIM

vim [options] start editing with an empty buffer vim [options] {file ..} start editing one or more files vim [options] -t {tag} edit the file associated with {tag} vim [options] -e [fname] start editing in QuickFix mode, display the first error

39 -- Vim Command Line Arguments

-g start GUI (also allows other options)

+[num] put the cursor at line [num] (default: last line) +{command} execute {command} after loading the file +/{pat} {file ..} put the cursor at the first occurrence of {pat} -v read-only mode (View), implies -n -R read-only mode, same as -v -b binary mode -l lisp mode -H Hebrew mode ('hkmap' and 'rightleft' are set) -r give list of swap files -r {file ..} recover aborted edit session -n do not create swapfile -o [N] open N windows (default: one for each file) -x Amiga: do not restart VIM to open a window (for e.g., mail) -s {scriptin} first read commands from the file {scriptin} -w {scriptout} write typed chars to file {scriptout} (append) -W {scriptout} write typed chars to file {scriptout} (overwrite) -T {terminal} set terminal name -d {device} Amiga: open {device} to be used as a console -u {vimrc} read inits from {vimrc} instead of other inits -i {viminfo} read info from {viminfo} instead of other files -- end of options, other arguments are file names

40 -- Automatic Commands

Read registers, marks, history at startup, save when exiting.

:rv[iminfo] [file] Read info from viminfo file [file] :rv[iminfo]! [file] idem, overwrite exisiting info :wv[iminfo] [file] Add info to viminfo file [file] :wv[iminfo]! [file] Write info to viminfo file [file]

Automatic option setting when editing a file

vim:{set-arg}: .. In the first and last lines of the file (see 'ml' option), {set-arg} is given as an argument to ":set"

Automatic execution of commands on certain events.

:au List all autocommands :au {event} List all autocommands for {event} :au {event} {pat} List all autocommands for {event} with {pat} :au {event} {pat} {cmd} Enter new autocommands for {event} with {pat} :au! Remove all autocommands :au! {event} Remove all autocommands for {event} :au! * {pat} Remove all autocommands for {pat} :au! {event} {pat} Remove all autocommands for {event} with {pat} :au! {event} {pat} {cmd} Remove all autocommands for {event} with {pat} and enter new one

41 -- Multi-window functions

CTRL-W s or :split Split window into two parts :split {file} Split window and edit {file} in one of them CTRL-W ] Split window and jump to tag under cursor CTRL-W f Split window and edit file name under the cursor CTRL-W CTRL-^ Split window and edit alternate file CTRL-W n or :new Create new empty window CTRL-W q or :q[uit] Quit editing and close window CTRL-W c or :cl[ose] Make buffer hidden and close window CTRL-W o or :on[ly] Make current window only one on the screen

CTRL-W j Move cursor to window below CTRL-W k Move cursor to window above CTRL-W CTRL-W Move cursor to window below (wrap) CTRL-W W Move cursor to window above (wrap) CTRL-W t Move cursor to top window CTRL-W b Move cursor to bottom window CTRL-W p Move cursor to previous active window

CTRL-W r Rotate windows downwards CTRL-W R Rotate windows upwards CTRL-W x Exchange current window with next one

CTRL-W = Make all windows equal height CTRL-W - Decrease current window height CTRL-W + Increase current window height CTRL-W _ Set current window height (default: very high)

42 -- Buffer list functions

:buffers or :files list all known buffer and file names

:ball or :sball edit all args/buffers :unhide or :sunhide edit all loaded buffers

:bunload[!] [N] unload buffer [N] from memory :bdelete[!] [N] unload buffer [N] and delete it from the buffer list

in current window in new window :[N]buffer [N] :[N]sbuffer [N] to arg/buf N :[N]bnext [N] :[N]sbnext [N] to Nth next arg/buf :[N]bNext [N] :[N]sbNext [N] to Nth previous arg/buf :[N]bprevious [N] :[N]sbprevious [N] to Nth previous arg/buf :brewind :sbrewind to first arg/buf :blast :sblast to last arg/buf :[N]bmod [N] :[N]sbmod [N] to Nth modified buf This card was mainly generated from the VIM help file by: Guido Socher