Rapid Response: Treating Severe Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Healthcare-netizens/arpita-kamat GitHub Wiki
While lifestyle modifications and adjustments to routine diabetes management can often address mild to moderate hyperglycemia, severe elevations in blood sugar require prompt medical intervention. Two serious conditions associated with severe hyperglycemia are diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Recognizing the signs and understanding the treatment for these conditions is critical.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication that primarily affects individuals with type 1 diabetes, although it can occur in some individuals with type 2 diabetes under specific circumstances. DKA develops when the body doesn't have enough insulin to use glucose for energy, so it starts breaking down fat for fuel. This process produces ketones, which build up in the blood and can become dangerously acidic.
Symptoms of DKA often develop rapidly and include:
High blood sugar levels (often above 250 mg/dL) Ketones in the urine
Excessive thirst and frequent urination
Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
Fruity-smelling breath
Rapid, deep breathing (Kussmaul breathing) Confusion or loss of consciousness
DKA is a medical emergency and requires immediate hospitalization. Treatment in the hospital typically involves:
Intravenous (IV) insulin: To gradually lower blood glucose levels and stop ketone production.
IV fluids: To correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Electrolyte replacement: Particularly potassium, which can become dangerously low during DKA treatment.
Monitoring of blood glucose, ketones, and electrolytes: To ensure the body is responding to treatment. Identification and treatment of any underlying cause: Such as infection. Related Reports:
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