INTRODUCTION

A course by name “Engineering Exploration” is introduced in the curriculum for active and collaborative learning pedagogical practices. Through this course students engineering explore engineering and get exposed to Engineering Design Process, Multi-disciplinary nature of engineering, problem solving, data analysis, Team Building, Professional Ethics, Sustainability and Project Management.

ABOUT ENGINEERING EXPLORATION

The goal of this module is to proceed from defining the problem to designing a solution for a problem. We begin by learning about the exploration phase, and we will come out of this phase with a number of design concepts for peer review. We also learn how to decompose a design to evaluate its overall function, and essential process in creating good design essential to the life of our design.

NEED STATEMENT

In the Industries and other public sectors, there is a need for a step climbing bot to place the materials up and down the stairs in order to reduce the human effort.

SI NO	OBSERVATION	Image	RESOURSE
1	Step climbing bot based on rocker bogie mechanism		https://thestempedia.com/project/diy-stair-climbing-robot/
2	Triwheel mechanism		http://www.ijste.org/articles/IJSTEV3I12078.pdf#:~:text=Tri-Wheel%20Mechanism%20The%20tri-wheel%20had%204%20driving%20gear,All%20the%20wheels%20are%20rotates%20in%20same%20rpm.
3	elevator mechanism		https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yq45cpfJgtc&t=34s
4	Conveyor belt mechanism		https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoqLz2RHDR0

Components required

SI NO	Components	Explanation
1	DC motor	Dc motors are used in order to make the bot move with the help of DC motors fitted on wheels of 12V and current of 7.5A and 260rpm
2	Arduino	Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online
3	IR sensor	An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
4	Bread board	A breadboard is a simple device designed to let you create circuits without the need for soldering and also gives you the ability to connect electronic devices to these circuits.
5	Wheel	Two sets of wheels are required to make sure that the bot moves smoothly and maintains its balance.
6	Tilt switch	Tilt switch is a device used for measuring the tilt of an object in multiple axes with reference to an absolute level plane.
7	Adaptor	Adaptors are used as power input. They deliver and regulate power supply to the bot.

Sl.No.	Project Name	Electrical and Mechanical Components	Mechanism or working Principle Identified	Resource Links
1	Arduino Controlled Stair Climbing Wheel Chair bot	Arduino UNO ,Bluetooth module, Heavy load DC motor, Motor driver IC	DC motor is connected to the triangular architecture which consists of three wheels. The DC motor is controlled by smart phone. There are three controls to move forward, backward and remain neutral. While neutral there is no power connection to DC motor. When in forward position battery power is connected to motor, hence it moves forward. When it is to move in backward motion, the terminals are reversed make the motor to rotate reverse direction. When it is moved forward three wheels moves but when it gets obstructed the wheel on top goes forward and by then the system climbs the step.	https://acadpubl.eu/hub/2018-118-24/3/409.pdf
2	Step Climbing Robot Using Arduino mega 2560	Evive, Arduino mega 2560,HC05 Bluetooth Module, Lithium Polymer Battery, IR Sensor Dual Shaft DC Motor, Wheels ,Motor Driver ,Nuts And Bolts	Stair climbing robot works on the concept of the rocker-bogie mechanism except we have stub axels to make the robot more stable. The robot can climb onto any obstacles stairs, bumps, etc ,Dabble lets you connect your smartphone to evive. The buttons of Gamepad are used for the following function::Up: Move the robot forward• Down:: Move the robot backward Right:: To turn the robot right• Left:: To turn the robot left	https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/theSTEMpedia/mars-rover-smartphone-controlled-stair-climbing-robot-us-6ac6df
3	Efficient and cost effective step climbing bot	Charger ,battery ,arduino MEGA ADK 2560 ,Servo motors ,Servo Extension Cables ,power distribution board	The design draws inspiration from the human leg which is very effective in climbing a wide variety of step sizes. The robot has an equivalent of a femur tibia and the ankle. The femur to tibia ratio is kept at 14:11.The robot is made using weightless hardwood which has relatively high strength. The motion of the robot is controlled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals which is generated by the Arduino .The Arduino code is fed in to the Arduino Mega ADK 2560 to generate PWM signals that turns the servo toa specific angle that enables it to climb the stairs. The power is distributed from the battery to the servo using a control board that is fabricated using the Toner Transfer Method. This method is very efficient and cost effective	https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35184555/download_file?st=MTY1Mjc5ODI3MCwxMTkuMTYxLjk5LjM0&s=swp-splash-paper-cover
4	wheel chair bot	Bluetooth module (HC-05),Arduino uno ,Smart phone ,Wheel chair unit ,Dc motors, Power	In this design, DC motor is connected to the triangular architecture which consists of three wheels. The dc motor is controlled by smart phone. There are three controls to move forward, backward and remain neutral. While neutral there is no power connection to DC motor. When in forward position battery power is connected to motor, hence it moves forward. When it is to move in backward motion, the terminals are reversed make the motor to rotate reverse direction. When it is moved forward three wheels moves but when it gets obstructed the wheel on top goes forward and by then the system climbs the step	https://acadpubl.eu/hub/2018-118-24/3/409.pdf
5	automation stair climbing bot controlled by arduino	arduino Uno,Xbee,mixing silicones,pcb, Dc motar,battary pack	To make the robot drive as easy as possible, the whole stair climbing part was automated. This was carried out by measuring the time it took to execute all the commands to climb one stair. This seemed to work fine at first, but unfortunately it has one major drawback: the battery. When the robot moves and even when it awaits a command, the battery drains. This loss in tension results in a loss in power and subsequently in a loss of torque. As a consequence the robot will take longer performing every command. Because the required time does not match the preliminary defined time anymore, the robot may fail and fall of the stairs which is not ideal. However a solution exists. By mounting a proximity sensor to the bottom and to the front of the robot the exact position could be known. Replacing the timings by distances would solve the problem, making the automated driving function almost fail proof. Unfortunately the constraint of time made it impossible to execute this modification, however it is	http://www.group8robot.magix.net/components.htm
6	the automotive stair climbing bot is controlled by the arduino	arduino Uno,blutooth ,Pcb	dc motar,motor driver Ic ,The purpose of this report is to introduce the problem definition, final design and prototype of the stair-climbing machine. Problem statement is first to be identified that people have trouble with transporting heavy items up or down stairs and disabled people are incapable of climbing stairs by themselves without elevators. To solve this problem, three prior arts are searched as benchmarks, including Hercules stair robot, Sunwa Stair Climbing Hand Truck, and Zonzini Stair Climbing Trolley. Then the physics of problems are discussed based on system control, dynamics and static mechanism, electrical circuit and solid mechanics. Next, the engineering requirements are listed as carrying capacity, flexibility, turning ability, self-balance ability and durability. After that, potential customers are identified. They are disable people, shopping center and house holders.	https://docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/1W2TeU4i8153FuLejfbfsoq7PUXol_FTQb_bXV0Blf7k/mobilebasic
7	CURVED-SPOKE TRI WHEEL MECHANISM STEP CLIMBING BOT	arduino Uno,blutooth ,Pcb,Xbee,Curved Tri-wheel,dc motar,motor driver Ic	The stopper mechanism .Fig.1(b)is designed to solve the problem of slipping on sequential steps on stairs. As shown in Fig. 2, there should be variance in the slipping distance during sequential stepping, and the distance should be accumulated while stair-climbing. This phenomenon makes the analysis difficult and prevents the robot from climbing stairs continuously. The stopper mechanism makes the initial conditions of sequential stepping	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8915800
8	MARS ROVER:STEP CLIMBING ROBOT	STEP media evive,Motor Driver,DC Motor 12v,Arduino Mega	The robot can climb onto any obstacles stairs, bumps, etc. It can move along any surface be it sand, rocks, concrete, or grass as it has suspension arrangments. The front wheel of the robot hits the obstacle real hard and as the friction of the wheels is more, it lets the robot to climb the obstacle	https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/theSTEMpedia/mars-rover-smartphone-controlled-stair-climbing-robot-us-6ac6df