Several flavors:

• official : https://github.com/docker-library/docs/blob/master/postgres/
• alpine
• bitnami : https://github.com/bitnami/containers/tree/main/bitnami/postgresql

Have a look at environment variables https://github.com/docker-library/docs/blob/master/postgres/README.md#environment-variables

Directories:

• data: /bitnami/postgresql/data
• temp: /bitnami/postgresql/data/base/pgsql_tmp
• configuration : /opt/bitnami/postgresql/conf

SELECT name, setting 
FROM pg_settings WHERE name IN ('config_file','data_directory');

find . -name "*.conf"

    volumes:
      - ./data:/bitnami/postgresql

mkdir data
chmod o+rw data
# Start container

# CLI
sudo su
ls -ltr data

# GUI
nautilus admin://$PATH_TO_VOLUME