Blockchain technologies

General Concepts

Blockchain 101

• A Beginner's Guide To Blockchain (also at she256)
• Adversariality: Ethereum is a Dark Forest, by Dan Robinson and Georgios Konstantopoulos

Consensus Algorithms

• Byzantine Fault Tolerance: Papers selected by Rick Dudley (2015); A Guide to 99% Fault Tolerant Consensus, by Vitalik Buterin; Recycling the Agreement: Distributed Consensus on DAGs, by Aleph Zero's Adam Gagol
• Improve performance with Compartmentalization (see this summary)
• Self-Healing
• Ledger Design Language: Designing and Deploying Formally Verified Public Ledgers --- a meta-language to develop proven-by-construction consensus.

Scaling

• Ethereum wiki Sharding FAQ
• Ethereum Sharding introduction and implementations.

Proofs for Blockchain

• A Survey of Smart Contract Formal Specification and Verification

Humor

• "Common Knowledge vs Mutual Knowledge", as illustrated by Friends

Layer 1 Solutions

Bitcoin, its forks and clones

• Contracts on BCH: New Bitcoin Cash Opcode Shows an Onchain Game of Chess is Possible

Ethereum

• EVM 101: Deconstructing a solidity contract, EVM illustrated.
• Specifications: Yellow Paper, KEVM: Semantics of EVM in K, Jello Paper, EVM reference (opcodes, contract behaviour, memory layout), opcodes / memory layout cheatlist, memory layout.
• Tooling: Remix debugger, EVM decompiler by EtherVM, Consensys Labs' Ethereum developer tools list, Solium, linter and formatter for Solidity, Ethertrust, analysis tool for smart contracts,
• Formal Verification and Correctness in Smart Contracts: pirapira's efforts including eth-isabelle and Bamboo, Towards verifying ethereum smart contract bytecode in Isabelle/HOL.
• Proxying: Proxy libraries, DelegateProxy.
• Security: Security Audit by QuantStamp.
• Infra / Production: The Challenges of Building Ethereum Infrastructure.
• Protocols: Light Ethereum Subprotocol (LES), the Parity Light Protocol, (PR for similar light client functionality in geth).
• Interactive help for Ethereum: Go Ethereum gitter, Ethereum Magicians.
• Misc: old Ethereum block hashes.

Algorand

• See the original whitepaper, Vault, and their bibliography...
• Algorand proof of correctness and controversy: announce by runtime verification, medium article. Counter-example, also this, flaws?.

Tezos

• AB tweet about Learning Tezos
• Contracts in Tezos: Michelson: the language of Smart Contracts in Tezos (PDF), Michelson-lang.com, Tezos Forum on Smart contracts, Michelson contracts need access to blockchain state, Watching the Tezos blockchain.
• Taquito, a Tezos wallet, automatically generates Michelson + JavaScript from various languages.

Kadena

• Public Chain Interaction
• wallet signing api
• nodes

Storage

• Storage: Swarm (Book), LBRY, SIA, FileCoin (IPFS), Swarm, NeoFS, Storj...
• Anti-Storage: Chia

Smart Contracts

See Competition for Smart Contract languages. See particularly: Plutus, Marlowe, ...

Smart Contract Background Information

• Smart Contracts History is a resource with lots of information about the design of languages to specify "smart contracts", not all of them backed by a blockchain (indeed, going back to the 1960s).
• Works by Fritz Henglein.

Smart Contract Vulnerabilities

• Smart Contract Weakness Classification and Test Cases
• Consensys: known attacks
• Solidity Recommendations.
• Ethereum Smart Contract Best Practices including
• ERC20: Missing return value bug

Interoperability

• Efficiently Bridging EVM Blockchains Relay Networks V2 by Alex Miller,
• Dogethereum: Retrofitting a two-way peg between blockchains,
• Cosmos Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol.

Layer 2

Cardano

• Plutus Haddocks

Atomic swaps

• Ethereum atomic swaps with Bitcoin and most other coins, about to hit release, AltCoin, RepublicProtocol,

Oracles

• Chainlink
• Truthcoin on Oracles vs Contracts (lots of great ideas, lots of more dubious ideas; great food for thought).
• Kleros

State Channels

• Cardano's Hydra
• Connext
• Ant Routing scalability for the Lightning Network

Side-Chains Bound by Contracts

• Plasma, Plasma Group (RIP), ETH Research on Plasma, Construction of a Plasma Chain 0x1 (MVP git), Joseph Poon's talk at Deconomy 2018: "Consensus and Cryptoeconomic Incentive Mechanisms".
• Optimism docs

DEX

• Saturn (git)
• Paraswap
• Serum, DEX on Solana
• Komodo BarterDEX

Wallet

Hard Wallet

• Ledger
• Trezor, distant second
• KeepKey, distant third
• YubiKey: Purse

Soft Wallets and chats

• Status
• MetaMask (github)

Development Tools

Some toolkits

• Ethereum build tools
• Blockstack
• Parity: the Substrate framework, and PolkaDot and its parachains

Bad Stuff, Disrecommended

Bad papers

• Impossibility of the Obama-Trump contract - this article already assumes a successful 51% attack, which makes it entirely moot.

Other bibliographies

• Bitcoin History
• IOHK papers
• CoinMetrics resources
• some old timer once published a link to a trove of papers... where?

More, to be sorted

• Elixxir
• Arbitrum
• Near
• Fluence
• Cosmos
• Aether
• RGB
• Ergo
• THOR