Q0314 - Exim/exim GitHub Wiki
I have a really annoying intermittent problem where attempts to mail to valid sites are rejected with unknown mail domain. This only happens a few times a day and there is no particular pattern to the sites it rejects. If I try to lookup the same domain a few minutes later then it is OK.
This is almost certainly a problem with the DNS resolver or the the domain's name servers.
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Have you linked Exim against the newest DNS resolver library that s with Bind? If you are using SunOS4 that may be your problem, as resolver that comes with that OS is known to be buggy and to give rmittent false negatives.
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Effects like this are sometimes seen if a domain's name servers get out of step with each other.