Operators - Ehsangood1/Programmign-2 GitHub Wiki

Operators in Java are special symbols or keywords that perform operations on variables and values. Java provides a wide range of operators that can be categorized into several types, including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and more. Each category has specific functions and uses in manipulating data and controlling program flow.

Here’s a comprehensive guide to the operators in Java:

Arithmetic Operators

Num	Operator	Description	Example
1	+	Addition	a + b
2	-	Subtraction	a - b
3	*	Multiplication	a * b
4	/	Division	a / b
5	%	Modulus (Remainder)	a % b
6	++	Increment	a++ or ++a
7	--	Decrement	a-- or --a

Example

Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values and return a boolean result.

NUM	Operator	Description	Example
1	==	Equal to	a == b
2	!=	Not equal to	a != b
3	>	Greater than	a > b
4	<	Less than	a < b
5	>=	Greater than or equal to	a >= b
6	<=	Less than or equal to	a <= b

Example

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to perform logical operations on boolean expressions.

Num	Operator	Description	Example
1	&&	Logical AND	a && b
2	|| Logical OR	a || b
3	!	Logical NOT	!a

Exmple

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators perform operations on the binary representations of integers.

NUM	Operator	Description	Example
1	&	Bitwise AND	a & b
2	|	Bitwise OR	a | b
3	^	Bitwise XOR	a ^ b
4	~	Bitwise NOT	~a
5	<<	Left shift	a << 2
6	>>	Right shift	a >> 2
7	>>>	Unsigned right shift	a >>> 2

Example

Unary Operators

Unary operators are operators that operate on a single operand to produce a new value. They are used to perform various operations such as incrementing/decrementing a value by one, negating an expression, or inverting the value of a boolean.

NUM	Operator	Description	Example
1	+	Unary plus (positive)	int result = +5; // result is 5
2	-	Unary minus (negation)	int result = -5; // result is -5
3	++	Increment (post)	int x = 5; x++; // x is 6
4	--	Decrement (post)	int x = 5; x--; // x is 4
5	!	Logical complement (not)	boolean flag = true; flag = !flag; // flag is false

Example

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators in Java are used to assign values to variables. They can also be used to modify the current value of a variable by performing an operation on it and then assigning the result back to the variable.

NUM	Operator	Description	Example
1	=	Assignment	int result = 5; // result is 5
2	+=	Add and assign	int result = 5; result += 3; // result is 8
3	-=	Subtract and assign	int result = 5; result -= 3; // result is 2
4	*=	Multiply and assign	int result = 5; result *= 3; // result is 15
5	/=	Divide and assign	int result = 5; result /= 3; // result is 1
6	%=	Modulus and assign	int result = 5; result %= 3; // result is 2
7	&=	Bitwise AND and assign	int result = 5; result &= 3; // result is 1
8	`	=`	Bitwise OR and assign
9	^=	Bitwise XOR and assign	int result = 5; result ^= 3; // result is 6
10	<<=	Left shift and assign	int result = 5; result <<= 1; // result is 10
11	>>=	Right shift and assign	int result = 5; result >>= 1; // result is 2
12	>>>=	Unsigned right shift and assign	int result = 5; result >>>= 1; // result is 2

Example

Conditional (Ternary) Operator

The conditional (ternary) operator is a shorthand way to perform an if-else statement. It is the only operator in Java that takes three operands.

condition ? expression1 : expression2;

Operator	Description	Example
? :	Ternary conditional	int result = (5 > 3) ? 10 : 20; // result is 10

Example

Instanceof Operator

NUM	Operator	Description	Example
1	instanceof	Checks if an object is an instance of a specific class or subclass	boolean result = "Hello" instanceof String; // result is true

Example

Type Cast Operator

Widening Casting (Implicit)

Automatically done by the Java compiler. Converting a smaller type to a larger type size. Examples: byte to short, short to int, int to long, long to float, float to double.

Narrowing Casting (Explicit)

Manually done by the programmer. Converting a larger type to a smaller size type. Examples: double to float, float to long, long to int, int to short, short to byte.

here is small project with all operator: