SRS (Software Requirements Specification) - Durjoy01/Cholo_jai GitHub Wiki

                                                         SRS

                                                     Introduction

1.1 Purpose: Purchasing train tickets accomplishes a number of vital tasks that make traveling by train easy. The first benefit of buying rail tickets is that they enable people to reserve a spot on a particular train for a specified day and time. Passengers' travel is made more comfortable and crowding is prevented with the help of this reservation system. Passenger flow is also managed with the use of this reservation system. There are further financial benefits to purchasing rail tickets in advance. A cost-effective option for travel is offered by the several train companies that offer discounts and special pricing for early ticket bookings. Travelers can benefit from these affordable offers and reduce their trip expenses by making earlier plans and buying their tickets. Purchasing train tickets also saves travelers time and the boarding procedure. Travelers can board the train quickly and easily if they have a pre-purchased ticket, as it removes the need to wait in large lines at the station. Particularly for major routes where there is a large demand for tickets, this convenience is especially helpful during peak travel seasons. It has also become even more accessible and convenient to purchase rail tickets online or through mobile apps. Travelers now have flexibility and ease in arranging their trips with the ability to purchase tickets from the comfort of their homes or while on the go. Additionally, seat selection tools, rapid booking confirmations and a range of payment choices are provided by online ticketing systems, which improves passengers' overall travel experience. In the end, we can say that with the help of the system, customers should be able to easily reserve train tickets, pick their desired seats and complete payments online. In order to guarantee that the system is scalable, safe and easy to use, both functional and nonfunctional needs will be included. Knowing how important it is to buy train tickets will help passengers make wise choices that will improve their overall experience traveling by train.

1.2 Intended Audience: The following stakeholders are among the main recipients of this SRS document : End Users (Passengers) : People who will use the system to make reservations, check timetables, and organize their trips. System Administrators: Employees in charge of keeping track of seat availability, scheduling trains, and updating fare information. Project Managers: Project managers are in charge of monitoring development and making sure the system satisfies corporate goals. Software Development Team: Engineers, developers, and UI/UX designers who will implement the functionalities specified in the document. Quality Assurance Team: Testers who will validate the functionality and performance of the system against the outlined requirements. Business Analysts: Professionals that will evaluate the system specifications to guarantee that they are in line with the objectives of the organization. Database Administrators: Experts in charge of overseeing the back-end data for reservations, travelers, and train timetables.

1.3 Intended Use: A rail ticket buying website is designed to make it easier and more efficient for travelers and railroad operators to reserve, manage, and buy train tickets. By using rail ticket purchase system, passengers can search, select and buy tickets for their desired times and routes. The system will provide updated information on how many seats are available, the arrival and departure time of the trains and also the price of the tickets. Passengers can book tickets using web browsers, mobile apps and also kiosks at train stations. Payments can be made via credit/debit cards, digital wallets. bank transfers etc. Passengers will also be able to select their preferred seats where applicable. Passengers can also view their past trips, save their payment details and travel preferences. By using rail ticket buying websites, operators can manage the availability and capacity of train seats efficiently. Operators can generate the financial management reports. Algorithms for pricing based on demand, timing, and availability can be applied by operators. Operators can also use the system to assist with ticket cancellations and, in compliance with business regulations, provide refunds or travel credits, and can send delay updates, platform changes or cancellations to passengers.

1.4 Product Scope: User Management: Permit users to register, sign in, and edit their profiles, which include payment options, personal data, and travel preference, offering safe ways to authenticate (password, OTP, or biometric, for example). Users who are not registered can reserve tickets without requiring an account. Also provide users with an interface where they can see their account information, saved preferences, and upcoming and prior trips. Ticket Booking and Reservation: Permit users to provide the origin, destination, date, and time while searching for trains. The available trains with schedules and available seats should be returned by the system. Customers are given the choice to choose from a variety of seat selections, including regular, first-class, and other possibilities. Ticket costs are determined automatically based on the distance traveled, the class of the seat, the time of booking, and any available discounts (e.g., for seniors, students). The system gathers the pertinent passenger data (name, age, ID, etc.) needed for ticketing. Offer choices for printing physical tickets using station kiosks, or for creating e-tickets or QR codes for smartphone check-in. Payments and billings: Accept a range of payment methods, including bank transfers, UPI, digital wallets, debit cards, and credit cards. Install fraud detection software and secure payment channels with encryption. Automatically generate receipts and send an email confirming it, after a successful payment. Users are allowed to cancel their tickets in accordance with the operator's policies, and automatically receive a refund or credit when necessary. Ticket Management: Subject to availability and operator rules, enable consumers to view their bought tickets, modify their travel dates, or upgrade their seats. Customers are allowed to cancel their tickets and offer partial refunds, travel credits, or refunds in full. Notify users by email, SMS, or app notifications of any changes, such as delays, cancellations, or platform changes. Train Schedules and Real-time Information: Give passengers real-time train monitoring, including with the train's current location, estimated arrival time, and departure time. Provide trip planning tools that make recommendations for routes, stops for transfers, and approximate travel durations. Inform passengers automatically of any changes to the schedule or disruptions and offer suggestions for alternatives when appropriate. Customer Support: Establish a help desk with tutorials, FAQs, and instructions for creating and handling tickets. Provide chatbots or human customer support representatives to address complicated questions, grievances, or ticketing problems. Get input from travelers about their experiences with the train service or booking process. Connectivity with Outside Systems: Achieve real-time updates and accurate scheduling by ensuring the program interfaces with national or regional railroad databases. Encourage integration for ticket reselling and package sales with other sites, such travel agencies. Guarantees transaction processing compatibility with various payment gateway providers. Safeguarding and Adherence: Guarantees that sensitive data (payment, personal information) is encrypted, and that the system conforms with data protection rules (e.g., GDPR). Provide explicit privacy guidelines and methods for obtaining user consent before collecting or processing data. Utilize barcode, RFID, or QR code scanning to integrate with conductor apps or station gate systems for ticket validation.

1.5 Risk Definitions:

System Downtime Risk

Definition: The possibility that server malfunctions, system overloads, or infrastructure problems will cause the software system to go down or experience outages. Users may be unable to purchase tickets during downtime, which could result in missed sales and unhappy customers. Effects include decreased sales, harm to one's reputation, unsatisfied customers, and ineffective operations. Mitigation: To swiftly identify and fix problems, use load balancing, redundant servers, and real-time monitoring solutions.

Cybersecurity and Data Breach

Risk definition is the possibility that private passenger data (such as payment details and personal information) will be compromised by hackers, illegal access, or data breaches. Weak security measures or system vulnerabilities may be to blame for this. Impact: Penalties for breaking data privacy laws (such as the GDPR), financial loss, legal ramifications, loss of customer trust, etc. Mitigation: Follow cybersecurity best practices, employ encryption, secure authentication, and conduct frequent security assessments.

Payment Processing Failure

Definition: The possibility that network outages, problems with the payment gateway, or mistakes in transaction processing will cause a payment transaction to fail. This can result in unfinished reservations and irate customers. Impact: A decrease in revenue, complaints from customers, and more support expenses. Mitigation strategies include integrating several payment gateways for redundancy, making sure that error handling is reliable, and informing users clearly when a payment fails.

System Scalability

Risk: The possibility that the system won't scale well during times of high demand (holiday seasons, special events, etc.), which could result in sluggish performance or crashes. Impact: Poor customer experience, unsuccessful transactions, decreased system performance, and revenue loss during peak periods. Mitigation strategies include designing the system with scalable cloud infrastructure, doing routine load testing, and improving the speed of the database and applications.

Inaccurate Train Schedule and Availability Data

Risk: The possibility that the train schedule or seat availability data is out of date because of inadequate data synchronization, sluggish system updates, or miscommunication between the railway operators and the ticketing system. Impact: Inaccurate traveler information, excessive or insufficient reservations, disgruntled customers, and a rise in customer service queries. Mitigation: Make sure that the railway systems are synchronized in real-time, and include systems for prompt updates and data validation on availability and schedules.

Regulatory Risk and Compliance

Definition: The danger of breaking any laws or rules pertaining to consumer rights, data security, or transportation laws. This can involve not adhering to regulations on ticket reimbursements, data privacy (like GDPR), or passenger accessibility for those with disabilities. Impact: Penalties, lawsuits, harm to one's reputation, and a decline in stakeholder trust. Mitigation strategies include keeping abreast of pertinent laws and regulations, putting compliance monitoring systems in place, and routinely reviewing and updating policies to reflect changes in the law.

Usability and User Experience Risk

Definition: The possibility that users would find the system slow, unintuitive, or prone to mistakes, which could result in canceled reservations and unfavorable reviews. Technical issues, sluggish loading times, and complex interfaces can all contribute to a poor user experience. Impact: Lowered consumer satisfaction, increased bounce rates, fewer return business, and unfavorable customer feedback. Mitigation strategies include extensive user testing, ongoing interface improvement based on user feedback, and responsive design for desktop, mobile, and kiosk platforms.

Definition of Integration Failure Risk

Definition: The possibility that the system may not correctly interface with external systems, such as payment gateways, national railway databases, or third-party travel platforms, leading to inaccurate ticketing, incomplete data, or interrupted service. Impact: Inaccurate information, operational inefficiencies, transaction failures, and postponed reservations. Mitigation: Test integrations frequently, create explicit data exchange protocols, and put failover systems in place in case a third-party system fails.

Theft and Forgery of Tickets Risk

Definition: The possibility that users or outside parties will try to take advantage of the system in order to get tickets illegally or create fake tickets for travel. This could entail creating fake e-tickets or avoiding payment procedures. Impact: Reduced income, trouble with the law, more security expenses, and possible delays in train operations. Mitigation: Use safe payment methods, improve fraud detection techniques, and put in place reliable ticket validation mechanisms (such as RFID and QR codes).

Customer Support Overload Risk

Risk: The possibility that the customer support staff will be overloaded with questions or complaints, particularly in the event of system outages, ticket cancellations, or scheduling interruptions. Impact: Poor customer service, long response times, loss of confidence, and client attrition. Reduction of damage: Provide self-service assistance tools, use AI-driven chatbots to handle simple inquiries, and make sure you have enough workers on hand at peak times.

Risk for Change Management and System Upgrades

Definition: The possibility that adding new functionality, updates, or upgrades would cause instability in the system or unanticipated consequences like malfunctions, slowdowns, or outages. Impact: Decreased system performance, annoyance from users, and disruption of services. Mitigation: Establish rollback procedures in case of unsuccessful deployments, adopt a structured change management strategy, and rigorously test all updates in a staging environment.

Data Loss or Corruption Risk

Definition: The possibility that important data—such as transaction, ticketing, or passenger information—will be lost or corrupted as a result of database problems, system malfunctions, or careless backup management. Impact: Possible regulatory infractions, loss of transaction data, complaints from customers, and difficulty processing reimbursements. Mitigation: Use dependable database management techniques, establish data recovery procedures, and make sure that routine automated backups are performed.

                                                   Overall Description

2.1 User classes and characteristics: Users of online rail ticket system can be categorized into 2 groups: 1.Primary users: Primary users can be a) Commuters: Will use the system to book tickets for daily travel. b) Leisure Traveler: Will use the system to plan trips and book tickets according to their plan. c) Business Traveler: Will use the system to book tickets for business trips. 2.Secondary users: Secondary users can be: a) Family and groups: Will use the system to book multiple tickets easily. b) Travel Agents: Will use the system to book tickets for their clients. 2.2 User Needs Finding out user needs is a crucial part for designing an effective rail ticket application. Keys need that are to be ensured are:

Quick and efficient booking: Real time updates on schedules and seat availability can ensure quick booking.
User friendly Interface: Interface should be very simple and easy to understand. Clear information on ticket type, price and schedule should be provided.
Booking management: Users can easily book or cancel a reservation thus increasing flexibility. Users can also access their previous bookings record.
Payment methods: Multiple payment methods must be introduced so that every classes of people can easily pay for their tickets.
Premium Service: Premium service can be introduced for business travelers and foreign travelers
Discounts and offers: Discounts and offers can be given on group tickets and business tickets
Accessibility Features: Making the app usable for elderly and disabled people.

2.3 Operating Environment The app will depend on various elements which will affect its functionality. Some are mentioned below:

Platform Compatibility: The app should be available on multiple platforms (iOS, Android, web) to cater to a wide audience.
Cloud Infrastructure: Utilizes cloud services for data storage, scalability, and performance.
Transportation Regulations: Compliance with local, regional, and national transportation laws and regulations.
Data Privacy Laws: Adherence to local laws, to protect user data and privacy.
User Demographics: Understanding the needs of diverse user groups (commuters, leisure travelers, families, etc.).
Feedback Mechanisms: Incorporating user feedback to improve features and services.

2.4 Constraints

Technical Constraints:
The system should be compatible with web browsers like Chrome.
Page load should be fast and smooth.
User data and ticket booking data should be stored securely.
Data backup to prevent data loss.
Third-party payment methods should be incorporated.
Transactions should be secure.
UI should be easy to use.

2.5 Assumptions User assumptions:

Users must know how to use basic Web-applications.
Users have an internet connection. Technical assumptions:
Railway department will provide proper train information
Payment system will be available.

Permission to sell tickets.

                                                     Requirements

3.1 Functional Requirements:

1. As a user

I want to search from where to where I will travel
So that, I can find train options for my desired route.
Confirmation:

The system will ask for the departure and destination locations.
If trains are available, it will show them to the user. If not, it will notify the user of no available trains for that route.

2. As a user

I want to view the train schedule or information
So that, I can plan my travel based on available trains and their timings.
Confirmation:

The user will enter the desired train or route.
The system will display the schedule, including arrival and departure times, train status (delays, cancellations), and available facilities.

3. As a user

I want to confirm my train ticket
So that, I can secure my seat and confirm my travel plan.
Confirmation:

After choosing a train and seat, the user will confirm the booking.
The system will display a booking confirmation, and the user’s seat will be reserved.

4. As a user

I want to cancel my ticket and request a refund
So that, I can manage my booking and get a refund if necessary.
Confirmation:

The user will select a booked ticket to cancel.
The system will process the cancellation, following the refund policy, and notify the user of the refund status.

5. As a user

I want to register my personal information
So that, I don’t need to re-enter my details every time I make a booking.
Confirmation:

The user will enter personal details such as name, contact information, and preferences.
The system will save the data securely, allowing future logins and faster bookings.

6. As a user

I want to choose my preferred payment method
So that, I can pay for my train tickets easily and securely.
Confirmation:

The system will present multiple payment options like credit card, debit card, and e-wallets.
Once the payment is made, the user will get a confirmation, and the booking will be completed.

7. As a user

I want to receive a confirmation email with my ticket details
So that, I have a record of my booking and can access it at any time.
Confirmation:

The system will send an email with the ticket details, including the booking reference number, train information, and travel date.

8. As a user

I want to access travel guides and helpful resources
So that, I can plan my trip better with tips on destinations and local transportation options.
Confirmation:

The system will provide travel guides, tips, and local transportation details based on the destination entered by the user.

9. As a user

I want to access customer support via live chat or chatbot
So that, I can get help with any questions or issues regarding my booking or travel.
Confirmation:

The system will offer a live chat or chatbot option, providing real-time assistance for queries about schedules, bookings, cancellations, or general travel inquiries.

10. As an admin

I want to check passenger information
So that, I can manage bookings, monitor capacity, and handle customer support efficiently.
Confirmation:

The system will allow the admin to access passenger details through a secure interface, enabling them to manage bookings, handle cancellations, and provide customer support when necessary.

3.2 Non Functional Requirements : Performance:

The system should handle at least 1,000 concurrent users without lag or downtime.
Search results should be displayed within 2 seconds after the user initiates a search.
Payment transactions should be processed within 5 seconds to avoid delays.
The system should handle up to 10,000 transactions per minute during peak booking times, such as festivals or holidays.

Safety:

The system should ensure that payment transactions are processed safely, preventing double-charges or ticket booking errors.
User data protection should be prioritized, ensuring no leakage of personal details (such as name, ID numbers, payment information) due to system glitches.

Security:

All sensitive data such as personal details, payment information, and travel history should be encrypted using SSL/TLS encryption.
The system must comply with industry-standard PCI-DSS regulations for handling payment data securely.
User authentication must be enforced through a secure login/password system, with an optional two-factor authentication (2FA) for enhanced security.
Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments must be conducted to ensure the system remains secure from external threats.

Quality:

The system should be designed with high availability, ensuring an uptime of 99.9% to avoid disruptions, especially during peak travel seasons.
The user interface should be intuitive and user-friendly
The system must be scalable, allowing for seamless expansion as the user base grows without affecting performance.