Lab 1-1: Network Connectivity Testing

In this lab, we used serval commands in the command prompt for the purpose of network connectivity.

• ipconfig- shows the network adapters information, IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. You use this command by typing "ipconfig" into the command prompt and pressing enter
• ping- can be used to test network connectivity, see a websites IP address. You use this command by typing "ping www.website.com" into the command prompt.
• tracert- tracks the path taken to a specific destination and also shows how long it takes. You use this command by typing "tracert www.website.com" into the command prompt.
• nslookup- shows the server name and associated IP addresses to a specific destination. You use this command by typing "nslookup www.website.com" into the command prompt.

You can open the command prompt by pressing the Windows key on your computer and then by typing "cmd" into the search bar!

Lab 2-1 Packet Tracer Intro

In this lab, I became familiar with how to use Packet Tracer.

To deploy workstations in Packet Tracer you click the second icon of a PC in the top row called "End Devices". Once you select it, you can deploy workstations by dragging and dropping them into the play area! To deploy switches select the first icon called "Network Devices" then in the second row select the second icon "Switches". From here you can deploy switches!

To connect the devices with cables you choose the fourth icon that looks like a lightning bolt, now you will see all the different types of cables that can be used to connect PCs to switches! Once you select a cable click on a PC, choose Ethernet from the drop-down menu then click on the switch and choose Fast Ethernet. Now your network is up and running!

You can access the command line terminal by double clicking on a PC, move to the "Desktop" section on top, then choose "Command Prompt". It will be the fourth icon on the top row!

Lab 2-2 Observing LAN Activity

In this lab, I used the command prompt and Wireshark to observe network traffic.

I found the Ethernet interface by clicking on "Ethernet" which is under the "Capture" subsection on the default page. I used the filter "ICMP" to find my ping packets which made it very easy! You find the MAC addresses by clicking on a packet then by opening the second option "Ethernet II" which then shows you the destination and source MAC addresses along with which type of IP it is!

Lab 3-1 ARP Observation

In this lab I used Wireshark to understand and analyze how ARP is used between hosts on a LAN.

To open a Admin Command Prompt type "cmd" in the windows search bar, right-click on "command prompt and select "run as administrator".To clear the ARP cache you run the command "netsh interface ip delete arpcache" in an administrator command prompt! In the filter bar at the top of Wireshark you can write "ARP" which will filter the packets and only show ARP packets!

Lab 3-2 Observing ARP In Packet Tracer

In this lab I became familiar with Packet Tracer by creating a small network and became more familiar with ARP.

To assign IP address and subnet masks to PCs in Packet Tracer you click on a PC go to the config tab then on the left side select FastEthernet0 then enter you will see fields to enter an IP address and a subnet mask! To enter admin mode on the CLI in Packet Tracer click on the switch then navigate to the "CLI" tab and simply type enable to enter admin mode! You can view the MAC address table from the CLI by typing "show mac-address-table" which will show the MAC address table!

Lab 4-1 Simple Routing Lab

In this lab I used Packet Tracer to observee how a simple network moves data with a multilayer switch.

In Packet Tracer you can set the gateway address on a workstation by clicking on a PC then choosing the config tab and then settings on the lefthand side. You will then see the gateway option where you enter in the gateways IPs!

You set the IPs and subnet masks on different interfaces of a multilayer switch by clicking on the siwtch, navigating to the config tab and then choose the ethernet interface that you want to configure(ex:FastEthernet0/3). Once you choose the interface you simply enter the IP address and subnet mask into the appropriate field.

In Packet Tracer you enter simulation mode by clicking on simulation mode in the bottom right corner. To see which types of packets you want to see while in simulation mode press on the "edit filters" button found in the simulation mode window. When you open the edit filters button you can choose which types of packets you want to see such as ICM or DNS!

Lab 5-1 IP/Subnet Mask Exercises

In this lab, I translated decimal notation to binary, identified network ID vs host ID and translated binary subnets masks into slash notation!

You convert a single octet within an IP address from decimal to binary by using eight binary digits. For example if you have and IP 131.55.11.40 a single octet would be 131. In binary form, this would be 10000011, 1+2+128=131. From right to left the values go from 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128 if the number is 0 it is not used but if it is a 1 then it is! To find the network and host ID within an IP you need to know the mask address. For example if the mask is 255.255.255.0 and the IP is 133.99.22.9 we know the network ID is 133.99.22 and the host ID is 0.0.0.5! You create a subnet ID within an IP by borrowing bits from the host ID.

Lab 5-2 Subnetting Charts

In this lab I created six subnetworks with the broadcast addresses and host range. I would use the VLSM table to help in creating a subnetwork. First I would determine how many bits I need to borrow then the subnet mask and how many hosts useable per subnetwork! The next step would be finding the broadcast address and the host range. Given a subnet network address you would find the broadcast address by just adding one to the last octet. The useable range of IPs would be one more than the subnetwork address through one less than the broadcast address!

Lab 6-1 Simple Subnet Design

In this lab I created a subnetwork on a /24 IPv4 network. I found the subnet masks, new subnet addresses, broadcasts addresses and the host ranges! If you need to support X equal-sized subnet you will need two to the X power to find how many bits you will need to borrow!

Lab 6-2 Subnetting in Packet Tracer

In this lab I used Packet Tracer to create a simple subnet design and ensured the network worked by using the ping command.

Lab 7-1 Tracing Routes

In this lab I tested network connectivity using the ping command, traced a route using windows tracert and then compared traceroute results! I found that when data is traveling within the same continent it moves much quicker compared to data being sent to other continents.

Lab 9-1 Packet Tracer: Static Routing

In this lab I observed the limitations of routers when they arent directly connected and I learned how to configure static routes to allow packets to cross multiple routers to a remote network.

To enter "config mode" from the cmd of a router you first type "enable" and then "config terminal" which will enter you into config mode! To enter a static route through the cmd you use the "ip route" command followed by the network address then the subnet and finally which interface to send the data out of!

Lab 9-2 Packet Tracer Static Routing, Part II

In this lab I set up a network for a small business with four different subnetworks and utilizing static routing. I used the static route entries to configure routing tables when connecting multiple routers to ensure full connectivity!

When a router receives a packet it checks its routing table to determine if the destination address is on its network, if it is, it sends the packet there. If the destination address is not on the network it forwards to a router on the next network on the path to the destination!

Lab 10-1 Packet Tracer RIP

In this lab, I configured a network in Packet Tracer by using RIP. I also examined PDU details of some of the packets.

You enable RIPv2 on a router by typing "router rip" from config mode in the CLI then you type "version 2". A RIP enabled router should advertise the networks that it is directly connected to. You user the command "network" followed by the IP of the network to advertise a network. To view the PDU details of a packet in Simulation Mode you click the capture/foward button and then in the event list you click a packet and then click the colored info box and then click the inbound PDU details tab!

Lab 10-2 RIP Routing Packet Tracer 2

In this lab I observed the need of routing tables when connecting multiple networks across multiple routers and I used dynamic routing to configure routing tables.

You can view the routes in a roter's routing table by going into the CLI and typing the command "show ip route" which will display the table!

Lab 11-1 VLANs in Packet Tracer Part I

In this lab I configured a VLAN in Packet Tracer. I configured switch ports for VLANs and connected devices to the network.

You create a VLAN on a switch by clicking on a switch and going to config/VLAN and adding a VLAN and configuring which ports are in which VLAN from the config tab. You configure a trunk port by clicking on a port and then selecting a port under the interface. Then you press on the drop down arrow and select "Trunk" then you add all the VLANs to it. You configure a access port by clicking on a port and then selecting a port under the interface. Then you simply add whatever VLANs you would like from the drop down.

Lab 11-2 VLANs in Packet Tracer Part II

In this lab I configured a inter-vlan routing on a multi-layer switch. A inter-vlan is required for devices on different VLANs to ping each other.