Networking - CameronAuler/python-devops GitHub Wiki
Python provides several libraries for network programming, including:
-
socketmodule for low-level networking. -
requestsmodule for making HTTP requests. -
http.servermodule for building simple web servers.
The socket module enables direct communication between computers over a network using TCP/IP or UDP protocols.
This is mainly used for chat applications, file transfers, and network services.
import socket
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # Create a TCP socket
server_socket.bind(("localhost", 12345)) # Bind to localhost and port 12345
server_socket.listen(1) # Listen for connections
print("Server is waiting for a connection...")
conn, addr = server_socket.accept() # Accept connection from client
print(f"Connected by {addr}")
data = conn.recv(1024) # Receive data (max 1024 bytes)
print("Received:", data.decode())
conn.sendall(b"Hello, Client!") # Send response to client
conn.close() # Close connection
import socket
client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # Create a TCP socket
client_socket.connect(("localhost", 12345)) # Connect to server
client_socket.sendall(b"Hello, Server!") # Send data
response = client_socket.recv(1024) # Receive response
print("Server response:", response.decode())
client_socket.close()
# Output (Server):
Server is waiting for a connection...
Connected by ('127.0.0.1', <port_number>)
Received: Hello, Server!
# Output (Client):
Server response: Hello, Client!
UDP is faster than TCP but does not guarantee message delivery. This is mainly used for ideal for real-time gaming, VoIP, and lightweight data transfer.
import socket
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) # Create a UDP socket
server_socket.bind(("localhost", 12345)) # Bind to localhost and port 12345
print("UDP Server is waiting for data...")
data, addr = server_socket.recvfrom(1024) # Receive data
print(f"Received from {addr}: {data.decode()}")
server_socket.sendto(b"Hello, UDP Client!", addr) # Send response
import socket
client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) # Create a UDP socket
client_socket.sendto(b"Hello, UDP Server!", ("localhost", 12345)) # Send data
data, addr = client_socket.recvfrom(1024) # Receive response
print("Server response:", data.decode())
client_socket.close()
# Output (Server):
UDP Server is waiting for data...
Received from ('127.0.0.1', <port_number>): Hello, UDP Server!
# Output (Client):
Server response: Hello, UDP Client!
The requests module provides a simple API for making HTTP requests.
pip install requests
GET requests are primarily used for fetching data from APIs, web scraping, and website monitoring.
import requests
response = requests.get("https://api.github.com")
print(response.status_code) # HTTP Status Code
print(response.json()) # Print JSON response
# Output:
200
{...JSON data from GitHub API...}
Post requests are mainly used for form submissions, API authentication, and data uploads.
import requests
data = {"username": "user", "password": "pass"}
response = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post", json=data)
print(response.status_code)
print(response.json()) # Print response
Mainly used for web scraping, API requests, and authentication.
import requests
headers = {"User-Agent": "MyApp"}
params = {"q": "python"}
response = requests.get("https://www.google.com/search", headers=headers, params=params)
print(response.url) # Print final URL after adding parameters
The http.server module allows running a basic HTTP server.
This is mainly used for serving static files for local development.
from http.server import SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
from socketserver import TCPServer
PORT = 8000
handler = SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
with TCPServer(("localhost", PORT), handler) as httpd:
print(f"Serving at http://localhost:{PORT}")
httpd.serve_forever()
Handle custom requests by subclassing BaseHTTPRequestHandler. This is mainly used for creating custom API endpoints and local development servers.
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
class SimpleServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(200) # Send HTTP 200 response
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(b"<h1>Hello, World!</h1>") # Send response content
server_address = ("localhost", 8080)
httpd = HTTPServer(server_address, SimpleServer)
print("Server running at http://localhost:8080")
httpd.serve_forever()
# Output:
Server running at http://localhost:8080