| Type of model |
Transformer |
Recurrent neural network |
| Learning mechanism |
Self-attention |
Backpropagation through time |
| Ability to learn long-term dependencies |
Good |
Excellent |
| Flexibility |
Flexible |
Less flexible |
| Computation time |
More computationally expensive |
Less computationally expensive |
| Applications |
Natural language processing, machine translation, question answering |
Natural language processing, machine translation, time series forecasting, speech recognition |
| Pros |
Good at understanding context, flexible, can be used for a variety of tasks |
Good at learning long-term dependencies, efficient, can be used for a variety of tasks |
| Cons |
Computationally expensive, can be difficult to interpret |
Less flexible, can be difficult to train |