Bad Bugs - AguaClara/SWOT GitHub Wiki
Bad bugs (information reorganized from the FDA Bad Bug Book)
* waterborne rating created by Monroe based on quick scan of FDA description.
|
Organism |
Infective dose |
waterborne* |
|
Salmonella spp. (typhoid) |
As few as 15-20 cells |
yes |
|
Clostridium botulinum |
a very small amount (a few nanograms) of toxin can cause illness |
no |
|
Staphylococcus aureus |
a toxin dose of less than 1.0 microgram in contaminated food will produce symptoms of staphylococcal intoxication. This toxin level is reached when S. aureus populations exceed 100,000 per gram |
no |
|
Campylobacter jejuni |
about 400-500 bacteria |
yes |
|
Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis |
Unknown |
possibly |
|
Listeria monocytogenes |
fewer than 1,000 total organisms may cause disease |
possibly |
|
Vibrio cholerae O1 |
one million organisms |
yes |
|
Vibrio cholerae non-O1 |
more than one million organisms |
possibly |
|
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and other vibrios |
greater than one million organisms |
no |
|
Vibrio vulnificus |
less than 100 total organisms |
no |
|
Clostridium perfringens |
greater than 100 million organisms |
no |
|
Bacillus cereus |
greater than one million organisms/g (of food) |
no |
|
Aeromonas hydrophila and other spp. |
unsuccessful even at high doses |
possibly |
|
Plesiomonas shigelloides |
greater than one million organisms |
yes |
|
Shigella spp. |
10 cells |
yes |
|
Miscellaneous enterics |
unknown |
possibly |
|
Streptococcus |
no |
|
Organism |
Infective dose |
waterborne |
|
Escherichia coli - enterotoxigenic (ETEC) |
100 million to 10 billion bacteria |
yes |
|
Escherichia coli - enteropathogenic (EPEC) |
EPEC are highly infectious for infants and the dose is presumably very low. In the few documented cases of adult diseases, the dose is presumably similar to other colonizers (greater than 10^6 total dose). |
yes |
|
Escherichia coli O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) |
possibly as few as 10 organisms |
possibly |
|
Escherichia coli - enteroinvasive (EIEC) |
possibly as few as 10 organisms |
possibly |
|
Organism |
Infective dose |
waterborne |
|
Giardia lamblia |
one or more cysts |
yes |
|
Entamoeba histolytica |
one viable cyst |
yes |
|
Cryptosporidium parvum |
one organism |
yes |
|
Cyclospora cayetanensis |
? |
? |
|
Anisakis sp. and related worms |
|
no |
|
Diphyllobothrium spp. |
|
no |
|
Nanophyetus spp. |
|
no |
|
Eustrongylides sp. |
One live larva can cause an infection |
no |
|
Acanthamoeba and other free-living amoebae |
|
(inhalation) |
|
Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura |
|
no |
|
Organism |
Infective dose |
waterborne |
|
10-100 virus particles |
yes |
|
|
unknown |
yes |
|
|
10-100 infectious viral particles |
possibly |
|
|
presumed to be low |
yes |
|
|
|
|