piControl: ACCESS-ESM1.5 CMIP6 Preindustrial Control configurations and experiments

ACCESS CMIP6 datasets paper: Mackallah C et al. (2022)

This paper describes both the ACCESS-ESM1.6 and ACCESS-CM2 CMIP6 experiments, including the treatment of forcing data. Section 2.2 describes the experiments. Section 2.3 describes the forcing data as follows.

"In general, we adopted the same forcing files for ACCESS-CM2 as were used for HadGEM3-GC3.1 (Sellar et al. 2020), whereas ACCESS-ESM1.5 required further alterations to input data, including interpolation to the HadGAM2 grid, or the use of separately prepared ancillary data as with land-use change forcings."

ACCESS-ESM1.5 CMIP6 forcings and inputs at NCI

Configurations and experiments

• Directory /g/data/p66/txz599/ACCESS-ESM1p5/exp/PI-01
• Script file PI-01.init

$ ls -lh PI-01/*.init
-rw-r--r-- 1 txz599 p66 51K Nov 13  2019 PI-01/PI-01.init

Inputs by forcing

• Run directory (e.g.) /scratch/p66/txz599/work/PI-restart
• Ancil directory /g/data1a/p66/txz599/data/ancil/CMIP6

1 Solar variability

From Mackallah C et al. (2022) (2.3.1):

"For ACCESS-ESM1.5, the ... model spin up was initiated prior to release of CMIP6 protocols, therefore both the spin-up and all idealised experiments, including the piControl were performed using the CMIP5 solar constant of 1365.65 W m−2, as it was in the CMIP5 versions of ACCESS. ACCESS-ESM1.5 does not utilise full spectral variations."

"All experiments except PMIP use orbital parameters corresponding to the year 2000."

• Namelist file (relative to run directory): ATM_RUNDIR/input_atm.nml
• Namelist: coupling
• Field: SC=1365.65

See source code:

• umbase_hg3/src/control/coupling/oasis3_umvars_init.F90
• umbase_hg3/src/atmosphere/short_wave_radiation/solvar.F90

2 Stratospheric volcanic aerosol

From Mackallah C et al. (2022) (2.3.2):

"Stratospheric volcanic aerosol optical depths (AODs), originating from explosive volcanic events, are determined from the zonal mean data of Arfeuille et al. (2014) and Thomason et al. (2018), with aerosol optical properties in the solar (shortwave) and terrestrial (longwave) spectrum."

"For ACCESS-ESM1.5, we derived AODs over four equal latitude bands from the simple 550 nm AOD data provided for use in CMIP6 (Ziehn et al. 2020a). A small offset was applied to account for the difference in the average AOD from CMIP6 and the CMIP5 data used for the ACCESS-ESM1-5 spin-up and piControl."

• Namelist file (relative to run directory): ATM_RUNDIR/input_atm.nml
• Namelist: coupling
• Field: VOLCTS_val=133.8

See source code:

• umbase_hg3/src/control/coupling/oasis3_umvars_init.F90
• umbase_hg3/src/control/top_level/glue_rad-rad_ctl2.F90

3 Well-mixed GHGs

From Mackallah C et al. (2022) (2.3.3):

"The GHG concentrations are included in ACCESS models as globally uniform annual mass mixing ratios. .... ACCESS-ESM1.5 uses CO2, CH4, N2O and separate values for CFC11, CFC12, CFC113, HCFC22, HFC125 and HFC134a, which together account for 98% of the change in the historical radiative forcing (Meinshausen et al. 2017). In the piControl, these values follow: CO2 = 284.317 ppm, CH4 = 808.25 ppb and N2O = 273.02 ppb."

• Original PI-01 script uses /g/data/p66/txz599/data/ancil/CMIP6/trgas_rcp_historical_ESM.dat which has 10 columns.

YEARS          CO2          CH4          N2O       CFC_11       CFC_12      CFC_113      HCFC_22       HFC125      HFC134a
 kg/kg  kg/kg  kg/kg  kg/kg  kg/kg  kg/kg  kg/kg  kg/kg  kg/kg  kg/kg
1850.  4.314801e-04 4.470459e-07 4.143596e-07 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00

• Current config uses atmosphere/namelists -> RUN_Radiation with *MMR fields with values that match the 1850 values of trgas_rcp_historical_ESM.dat.
  • This matches the RUN_Radiation namelist defined at https://github.com/ACCESS-NRI/UM7/blob/access-esm1.5/umbase_hg3/src/include/common/cruntimc.h
• The corresponding CMIP6 ancil file is cmip6_ancils/data/ancils/any/timeseries_1850-2014/GreenhouseGases/v1/trgas_rcp_historical.dat which has 24 columns and uses different units.

! historical GHG data for CMIP6 
! source: /group_workspaces/jasmin2/tids/CMIP6_ANCIL/data/inputs4MIPs_2017-06-08/UoM/GHGConcentrations/CMIP/UoM-CMIP-1-2-0/yr/ 
 &THISFILE_SPECIFICATIONS 
 THISFILE_DATACOLUMNS    =          24, 
 THISFILE_FIRSTYEAR      =        1850, 
 THISFILE_LASTYEAR       =        2014, 
 THISFILE_ANNUALSTEPS    =           1, 
 THISFILE_FIRSTDATAROW   =          15, 
 THISFILE_UNITS          =  SEE ROW 13, 
 THISFILE_DATTYPE        =  RCPDAT 
/ 
   COLUMN:      1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24
   UNITS:      ppt   ppm   ppb   ppb   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt   ppt
   YEARS      DUMM0   CO2   CH4   N2O   HFC125   HFC134a   CFC_11   CFC_12   DUMM1   CFC_113   CFC_114   CFC_115   CARB_TET   MCF   HCFC_22   HCFC_141B   HCFC_142B   HALON1211   HALON1202   HALON1301   HALON2402   CH3BR   CH3CL   DUMM2
   1850    -0.0000e+00    2.8432e+02    8.0825e+02    2.7302e+02    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    -0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    2.5000e-02    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    4.4466e-03    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    0.0000e+00    5.3000e+00    4.5700e+02    -0.0000e+00

4 Aerosol emissions (anthropogenic and natural)

From Mackallah C et al. (2022) (2.3.4):

"Both ACCESS-CM2 and ACCESS-ESM1.5 use emissions of black carbon, organic carbon, sulfur dioxide, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and sea salt for determining optical depths from tropospheric aerosol. Sources of carbon emissions include anthropogenic fossil-fuel and biofuel burning (Hoesly et al. 2018), as well as the forest biomass burning emissions of van Marle et al. (2017), as per CMIP6 protocols. Sulfur dioxide emissions originate from both prescribed anthropogenic (Hoesly et al. 2018) and natural (volcanic degassing, calculated internally by climatology) sources which act as a precursor to secondary sulfate aerosol, along with DMS emissions, which are simulated interactively using prescribed seawater DMS. Sea salt emissions are also simulated interactively in both models. Biogenic and natural emissions are not supplied by CMIP6, and are implemented as in the setup of the UKMO CMIP6 models (Sellar et al. 2020), including a fixed monthly climatology of terpene emissions. Mineral dust is not included in the aerosol schemes of either model, and is simulated separately using the six-bin mass-based scheme of Woodward (2011)."

"... ACCESS-ESM1.5 uses the CLASSIC scheme of Bellouin et al. (2011b). Emission files were adopted from the setup of the UKMO GC3.1 model simulations, and were used directly in ACCESS-CM2, but ACCESS-ESM1.5 required regridding prior to use."

• Scripts used for historical concentrations Readme files in https://github.com/ACCESS-Community-Hub/CMIP6-Input-Scripts/tree/main/scripts/txz599/ACCESS-ESM_tools/aerosol_forcing describe the use of Python scripts in https://github.com/ACCESS-Community-Hub/CMIP6-Input-Scripts/tree/main/scripts/mrd599/src/python that were apparently used to process the UKCMIP6 historical NetCDF files into ancillary files.

See also https://github.com/ACCESS-NRI/CMIP7-Input/tree/51-copy-cmip6-scripts/CMIP6/scripts/esm1p5 until pull request #52 is accepted.

• Ancil files:

$ grep 1850_ESM1 PI-01/*.init
  OZONE_AFILE=ozone_1850_ESM1.anc
  SULP_AFILE=scycl_1850_ESM1_v4.anc
  SOOT_AFILE=BC_hi_1850_ESM1.anc
  BIO_AFILE=Bio_1850_ESM1.anc
  OCFF_AFILE=OCFF_1850_ESM1.anc
NDEPFIL= 'NDEPFIL  : /g/data1a/p66/txz599/data/ancil/CMIP6/Ndep_1850_ESM1.anc',

For the current version of the ACCESS-ESM1.5 piControl configuration, the file atmosphere/um_env.yaml contains the definitions:

# Ancillary files
ARCLBIOG: INPUT/biogenic_351sm.N96L38
BIOMASS: INPUT/Bio_1850_ESM1.anc
CHEMOXID: INPUT/sulpc_oxidants_N96_L38
DMSCONC: INPUT/DMS_conc.N96
NDEPFIL: INPUT/Ndep_1850_ESM1.anc
OCFFEMIS: INPUT/OCFF_1850_ESM1.anc
OZONE: INPUT/ozone_1850_ESM1.anc
SOOTEMIS: INPUT/BC_hi_1850_ESM1.anc
SULPEMIS: INPUT/scycl_1850_ESM1_v4.anc

and config.yaml contains:

submodels:
    - name: atmosphere
      model: um
      ncpus: 240
      exe: um_hg3.exe
      input:
        # Aerosols
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/pre-industrial/atmosphere/aerosol/global.N96/2020.05.19/OCFF_1850_ESM1.anc
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/pre-industrial/atmosphere/aerosol/global.N96/2020.05.19/BC_hi_1850_ESM1.anc
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/pre-industrial/atmosphere/aerosol/global.N96/2020.05.19/scycl_1850_ESM1_v4.anc
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/pre-industrial/atmosphere/aerosol/global.N96/2020.05.19/Bio_1850_ESM1.anc
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/share/atmosphere/aerosol/global.N96/2020.05.19/biogenic_351sm.N96L38
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/share/atmosphere/aerosol/global.N96/2020.05.19/sulpc_oxidants_N96_L38
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/share/atmosphere/aerosol/global.N96/2020.05.19/DMS_conc.N96
        # Forcing
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/pre-industrial/atmosphere/forcing/global.N96/2020.05.19/ozone_1850_ESM1.anc
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/pre-industrial/atmosphere/forcing/resolution_independent/2020.05.19/volcts_18502000ave.dat
        # Land
        - /g/data/vk83/configurations/inputs/access-esm1p5/modern/pre-industrial/atmosphere/land/biogeochemistry/global.N96/2020.05.19/Ndep_1850_ESM1.anc

5 Ozone

From Mackallah C et al. (2022) (2.3.5):

"Although some CMIP6 models simulate ozone, many prescribe ozone distributions. Both ACCESS configurations apply prescribed monthly ozone concentrations with ... ACCESS-ESM1.5 using zonal means. This input data originated from the ozone data sets of Morgenstern et al. (2017) for stratospheric ozone, and Checa-Garcia et al. (2018) for tropospheric ozone, which were interpolated from pressure levels to hybrid height coordinates by the UKMO (Sellar et al. 2020). For ACCESS-ESM1.5, further interpolation from 85 to 38 model levels was required."

6 Land use change and nitrogen deposition

From Mackallah C et al. (2022) (2.3.6):

"ACCESS-ESM1.5 uses a simple land-use scheme which allows for annual changes in tile fractions, and reallocates carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pools accordingly (Zhang et al. 2013; Ziehn et al. 2020a). Forcing data for changes in vegetation fractions were derived from the Land-Use Harmonisation 2 (LUH2) dataset (Hurtt et al. 2017), which were mapped onto the CABLE plant functional types used in the model."

"Nitrogen and phosphorus deposition forcings are used in all ACCESS-ESM1.5 simulations. Nitrogen deposition data are provided by CMIP6 (Jones et al. 2016), whereas phosphorus deposition data (not provided in CMIP6) were adopted from simulations of the predecessor of ACCESS-ESM1.5, ACCESS-ESM1, based on datasets used in Wang et al. 2010)."

7 Atmosphere-only sea surface temperature and sea-ice cover forcings

From Mackallah C et al. (2022) (2.3.7).

These forcings do not apply to the piControl experiment.

Outputs

• Directory /g/data/fs38/publications/CMIP6/CMIP/CSIRO/ACCESS-ESM1-5/piControl
• 151 NetCDF files r1i1p1f1/*mon/*/gn/files/d20191112/*gn_010101-060012.nc

coecms pre-industrial configuration

Inputs

• Directory /g/data/access/payu/access-esm/input/pre-industrial
  • atmosphere contains:

BC_hi_1850_ESM1.anc    CABLE-AUX-1.4/         Ndep_1850_ESM1.anc   qrclim.slt   qrparm.soil_igbp_vg     spec3a_lw_hadgem1_6on  STASHmaster/            volcts_18502000ave.dat
Bio_1850_ESM1.anc      cable_vegfunc_N96.anc  OCFF_1850_ESM1.anc   qrclim.smow  scycl_1850_ESM1_v4.anc  spec3a_sw_hadgem1_6on  sulpc_oxidants_N96_L38
biogenic_351sm.N96L38  DMS_conc.N96           ozone_1850_ESM1.anc  qrparm.mask  SOURCES                 stasets/               vertlevs_G3

• The following atmosphere files have identical fieldsfile contents to those in /g/data/p66/txz599/data/ancil/CMIP6:

BC_hi_1850_ESM1.anc  Bio_1850_ESM1.anc  Ndep_1850_ESM1.anc   OCFF_1850_ESM1.anc  ozone_1850_ESM1.anc

• The atmosphere/qrparm.mask file has identical fieldsfile contents to /g/data/access/projects/access/data/ancil/access_v2/atmosphere/qrparm.mask

ACCESS-NRI preindustrial+concentrations configuration