jdk ThreadLocal - 969251639/study GitHub Wiki

ThreadLocal的实例代表了一个线程局部的变量,每条线程都只能看到自己的值,并不会意识到其它的线程中也存在该变量。
它采用采用空间来换取时间的方式,解决多线程中相同变量的访问冲突问题。

它最常用的几个方法是set,get,remove

set:

    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

获取当前线程,从当前线程中取出ThreadLocalMap,存在则将变量作为value,自己作为key put到ThreadLocalMap中,不存在则创建ThreadLocalMap后将自己作为key set到ThreadLocalMap中

    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }

public class Thread implements Runnable {
...
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
...
}

可以看到每隔Thread实例都保存ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap变量作为成员变量,这样一来每个线程都有自己的Map来保存自己的变量

    void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
        t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }

ThreadLocalMap是ThreadLocal静态内部类,并且有一个设置key和value的构造方法

        ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal<?> firstKey, Object firstValue) {
            table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];
            int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
            table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
            size = 1;
            setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
        }

可以看到直接将ThreadLocal做为key,算出映射表位置,然后设置到map中,最后还设置了负载因子,用于计算扩容

另外ThreadLocalMap存放数据的Entry类也是一个ThreadLocalMap的内部类

        static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;

            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }

它是一个弱引用的类,那么当jvm gc时,它的key是会被垃圾回收器回收掉的,所以建议还是将ThreadLocal声明为static,当然这样做的一个好处便是当ThreadLocacl的实例被回收后,也不会发生内存泄露,因为ThreadLocal作为key是弱引用,在下次gc时也是可以被回收

当然ThreadLocal也依旧有内存泄露的风险,就是当线程一直在运行着,且key在gc时被回收,而ThreadLocal实例的生命周期也是比较短,那么就有可能造成该线程的ThreadLocalMap的key为null,value为之前存放的内容,即有这么的一行代码存在ThreadLocalMap.set(null, Object);最终导致value对象没有被回收

所以还是将ThreadLocal声明为static

那么为了防止key为null的情况,就需要在指定场景调用它的remove方法
remove:

     public void remove() {
         ThreadLocalMap m = getMap(Thread.currentThread());
         if (m != null)
             m.remove(this);
     }

        private void remove(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
            Entry[] tab = table;
            int len = tab.length;
            int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
            for (Entry e = tab[i];
                 e != null;
                 e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
                if (e.get() == key) {//找到后清除
                    e.clear();
                    expungeStaleEntry(i);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }

    public void clear() {
        this.referent = null;
    }

再回到set方法中,当当前线程存在ThreadLocalMap时直接调用了ThreadLocalMap的set方法进行赋值

private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {

            // We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
            // least as common to use set() to create new entries as
            // it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
            // path would fail more often than not.

            Entry[] tab = table;
            int len = tab.length;
            int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);

            for (Entry e = tab[i];
                 e != null;
                 e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
                ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();

                if (k == key) {
                    e.value = value;
                    return;
                }

                if (k == null) {
                    replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
                    return;
                }
            }

            tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
            int sz = ++size;
            if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
                rehash();
        }

也是比较简单,根据hash计算的出位置,如果存在冲突则在链表中找是否已经存在该value,存在则覆盖,另外,这里也会清除key为null的value,如果没有则设置到制定位置,最后计算是否需要扩容

get:

    public T get() { 
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T result = (T)e.value;
                return result;
            }
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }

get方法也很简单,就是从ThreadLocalMap的映射表中找,找到返回相应的value,否则调用setInitialValue返回初始值,也就是null

    private T setInitialValue() {
        T value = initialValue();
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
        return value;
    }

    protected T initialValue() {
        return null;
    }