🗂️ Structures Overview

This section defines constants and structures used to represent the 2D map, textures, player information, MLX (MiniLibX) graphics context, and the main game data management system.

---

⚙️ Constants

Constant	Type	Description
WIN_W	int	Default window width (800).
WIN_H	int	Default window height (600).
MOVE_SPEED	float	Player movement speed (0.1).
ROT_SPEED	float	Player rotation speed (0.05).
VALID_CHARS	char*	String containing all valid characters in the map: walls ('1'), empty spaces ('0'), and player orientations ('N', 'S', 'E', 'W').
WALL	char	Character representing a wall ('1').
SPACE	char	Character representing empty space ('0').
ORIENTATION	char*	String containing all possible player orientations ("NSEW").
NORTH	char	Character representing north orientation ('N').
SOUTH	char	Character representing south orientation ('S').
WEST	char	Character representing west orientation ('W').
EAST	char	Character representing east orientation ('E').
PLAYER	char*	String containing all player orientation characters ("NSWE").
PI	float	Value of Pi ('3.1415926535').

---

🧩 Structures

🗃️ t_file

Stores file-related information, primarily used to manage file descriptors for map input.

Field	Type	Description
fd	int	File descriptor used to read the map or configuration files.

---

🖼️ t_img

Represents an image resource in the MLX graphics system, including its pointer and dimensions.

Field	Type	Description
img	void*	Pointer to the MLX image resource.
width	int	Image width in pixels.
height	int	Image height in pixels.

---

💻 t_mlx

Encapsulates all MLX (MiniLibX) graphical context elements, such as the MLX instance, window, and main image buffer.

Field	Type	Description
mlx	void*	Pointer to the MLX instance (connection to the X11 display).
win	void*	Pointer to the main game window.
img	t_img	Structure containing image data (used for rendering).

---

🗺️ t_map

Represents the game map and its associated texture paths.

Field	Type	Description
buffer	char**	Temporary buffer storing the raw map lines read from the file.
map	char**	Final processed map as a 2D array of characters.
temp_map	char**	Temporary storage used during map validation or conversion.
north	char*	Path to the north wall texture.
south	char*	Path to the south wall texture.
west	char*	Path to the west wall texture.
east	char*	Path to the east wall texture.
height	int	Number of rows in the map grid.
rgb_ceiling	t_rgb	Rgb color of the ceiling.
rgb_floor	t_rgb	Rgb color of the floor.

---

🎮 t_player

Stores the player’s position, movement direction, and camera plane for raycasting and rendering.

Field	Type	Description
x	float	Player’s horizontal position in the map (centered in the tile).
y	float	Player’s vertical position in the map (centered in the tile).
dir_x	float	X component of the direction vector indicating where the player is facing.
dir_y	float	Y component of the direction vector indicating where the player is facing.
plane_x	float	X component of the camera plane vector, defining the field of view.

The direction vector (dir_x, dir_y) determines the player's facing direction, while the plane vector (plane_x) defines the camera projection used for rendering.

---

🧱 t_data

The main structure that aggregates all core game data — including MLX context, player, map, and file information — for centralized management.

Field	Type	Description
img	t_img	Image buffer used for rendering.
mlx	t_mlx	MLX structure managing the window and display connection.
player	t_player	Player structure containing position and direction data.
map	t_map	Map structure holding layout and texture information.
file	t_file	File structure managing the map file descriptor.

This structure simplifies function calls by grouping all major components (graphics, player, map, and file) into a single entity.

---

📖 Description

These constants and structures form the foundation of the 2D rendering engine:

• 🧱 t_map defines the layout, textures, and structure of the world.
• 🎮 t_player defines the player’s position, direction, and camera projection for raycasting.
• 💻 t_mlx manages the MLX connection, window, and image buffer for rendering.
• 🗃️ t_file handles file operations for loading map data.
• 🧩 t_data unifies all subsystems into a single, centralized structure for efficient access and management.

---

💡 Example Usage

t_file file;
file.fd = open("map.cub", O_RDONLY);

t_map map = {0};
map.north = map.south = map.west = map.east = NULL;
map.floor = map.ceiling = NULL;

t_player player = {0};
player.x = 5.5;
player.y = 3.5;
player.dir_x = 0;
player.dir_y = -1;
player.plane_x = 0.66;

t_mlx mlx = {0};
mlx.mlx = mlx_init();
mlx.win = mlx_new_window(mlx.mlx, WIN_W, WIN_H, "Cub3D");

t_data data = {0};
data.file = file;
data.map = map;
data.player = player;
data.mlx = mlx;

printf("Window size: %dx%d\n", WIN_W, WIN_H);
printf("Player position: (%.2f, %.2f)\n", data.player.x, data.player.y);